Smith T E, Shea M T, Schooler N R, Levin H, Deutsch A, Grabstein E
Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA.
Psychiatry. 1995 May;58(2):99-112. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1995.11024716.
In recent years there has been a renewed interest in the integration of descriptive and interpersonal approaches to mental illness. Much of the impetus for this stems from the introduction in 1980 of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition (DSM-III) (American Psychiatric Association 1980), with subsequent research and clinical reports documenting important interactions between Axis I syndromes and Axis II personality trait factors. While many research efforts have described comorbidity in affective and anxiety disorders, less attention has been directed toward clarifying the relationships between stable and enduring character traits and Axis I symptoms in schizophrenia. In this paper we propose that schizophrenic patients display both adaptive and pathological personality traits throughout the illness, and that clinical and research efforts to address the interactions between syndromic and personality factors ("trait-state" interactions) will further our understanding of patterns of symptom presentation and treatment response in these patients.
近年来，人们对将描述性方法和人际方法整合用于精神疾病的研究兴趣再度兴起。这一趋势的很大一部分动力源自1980年《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM - III）（美国精神病学协会，1980年）的引入，随后的研究和临床报告记录了轴I综合征与轴II人格特质因素之间的重要相互作用。虽然许多研究致力于描述情感障碍和焦虑障碍中的共病情况，但对于阐明精神分裂症中稳定且持久的性格特质与轴I症状之间的关系，关注较少。在本文中，我们提出精神分裂症患者在整个病程中既表现出适应性人格特质，也表现出病理性人格特质，并且针对综合征因素与人格因素之间相互作用（“特质 - 状态”相互作用）的临床和研究工作，将有助于我们进一步理解这些患者的症状表现模式和治疗反应。
