Rocher P, Véron C, Vert M, Chanavaz M, Donazzan M, Hildebrand H F
Laboratoire de Biophysique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille II.
Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 1995;96(4):281-92.
In the present paper, the authors call in mind the definitions of biocompatibility and the essential qualities required for biomaterials. The materials mostly used in implantology and maxillofacial surgery are numerous alloys, bioceramics, resorbable and non-resorbable polymers, and finally osseous substitutes of human or animal origin. As to synthetic and non-living materials, the risks in patients are generated by the degradation products. These may induce tissular reactions of inflammatory or immune origin owing to toxic effects. Concerning osseous substitutes, rejections are mostly of immune origin, for allografts and in particular for xenografts. Infections may be another major risk and in spite of all precautionary measures viral infections by hepatitis B, HIV and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy are not yet got under total control. It is just in these domains that one can state juristic lacks which national and european organisation of standardisation and homologation have to cover during the next few years.
在本论文中，作者回顾了生物相容性的定义以及生物材料所需的基本特性。植入学和颌面外科中最常用的材料有多种合金、生物陶瓷、可吸收和不可吸收的聚合物，最后还有人源或动物源的骨替代物。对于合成的非生物材料，患者面临的风险是由降解产物产生的。这些降解产物可能由于毒性作用而引发炎症或免疫源性的组织反应。关于骨替代物，排斥反应大多是免疫源性的，同种异体移植尤其是异种移植更是如此。感染可能是另一个主要风险，尽管采取了所有预防措施，乙型肝炎、艾滋病毒和可传播性海绵状脑病等病毒感染仍未得到完全控制。正是在这些领域，可以指出国家和欧洲标准化及认证组织在未来几年必须弥补的法律缺陷。
