Moore L L, Nguyen U S, Rothman K J, Cupples L A, Ellison R C
Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Nov 1;142(9):982-8. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117747.
This study examined the effect of preschool physical activity on the change in body fatness from preschool to first grade. The Framingham Children's Study, a longitudinal study of childhood cardiovascular risk behaviors, began in 1987 with the enrollment of 106 children aged 3-5 years and their parents. The present analyses include 97 healthy children with complete data from study entry into first grade. Physical activity was assessed twice yearly for 5 days with an electronic motion sensor. The authors estimated change in the child's level of body fat from preschool to first grade by using the slopes of triceps and subscapular skinfolds and body mass index. On average, active girls (i.e., those with above-median activity levels) gained 1.0 mm in their triceps skinfolds from baseline to first grade, while inactive girls gained 1.75 mm. Active boys lost an average of 0.75 mm in their triceps, while inactive boys gained 0.25 mm. When age, television viewing, energy intake, baseline triceps, and parents' body mass indices were controlled for, inactive preschoolers were 3.8 (95% confidence interval 1.4-10.6) times as likely as active preschoolers to have an increasing triceps slope during follow up (rather than a stable or decreasing slope). This relative risk estimate was slightly higher for children with more body fat at baseline. In this study, preschool-aged children with low levels of physical activity gained substantially more subcutaneous fat than did more active children.
本研究调查了学前体育活动对从学前到一年级期间身体脂肪变化的影响。弗雷明汉儿童研究是一项关于儿童心血管风险行为的纵向研究，始于1987年，招募了106名3至5岁的儿童及其父母。目前的分析纳入了97名从入学到一年级期间有完整数据的健康儿童。使用电子运动传感器对体育活动进行为期5天、每年两次的评估。作者通过使用肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度以及体重指数的斜率来估计儿童从学前到一年级期间身体脂肪水平的变化。平均而言，活跃女孩（即活动水平高于中位数的女孩）从基线到一年级期间肱三头肌皮褶厚度增加了1.0毫米，而不活跃女孩增加了1.75毫米。活跃男孩的肱三头肌平均减少了0.75毫米，而不活跃男孩增加了0.25毫米。在控制了年龄、看电视时间、能量摄入、基线肱三头肌皮褶厚度以及父母的体重指数后，不活跃的学龄前儿童在随访期间肱三头肌斜率增加（而非稳定或下降）的可能性是活跃学龄前儿童的3.8倍（95%置信区间为1.4至10.6）。对于基线时身体脂肪较多的儿童，这一相对风险估计略高。在本研究中，体育活动水平低的学龄前儿童比更活跃的儿童皮下脂肪增加得更多。
