Spinocerebellar degeneration and cerebral hypomyelination in a family.

The proband is a 24-year-old woman who developed symptoms of a spinocerebellar degeneration in early childhood. Neurological examination revealed normal cognitive function, optic atrophy, dysarthria, titubation, action tremors, increased deep tendon reflexes, Babinski's signs, and a spastic scissoring gait. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an abnormal increased signal on long TR images involving white matter throughout the cerebral hemispheres, most striking in the subcortical white matter, and to a lesser degree in the brainstem, compatible with diffuse hypomyelinating or dysmyelinating diseases. Metabolic and chromosomal studies were normal. Her 49-year-old mother developed similar symptoms in her 20s and is now wheelchair-bound. Findings on neurological examination and MRI were similar to her daughter but more severe. The proband's maternal grandfather had a female cousin who had a neurological illness beginning in her 20s with similar symptoms and signs and died at the age of 44 years. Spinocerebellar degenerations are a group of syndromes with similar clinical manifestations but heterogeneous etiology. We report a family with spinocerebellar degeneration with distinct MRI findings compatible with hypomyelination or dysmyelination which has not heretofore been described. This family may represent a new spinocerebellar syndrome due to an abnormality of as yet an undetermined gene.