Leatherman T L, Carey J W, Thomas R B
Department of Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1995 Jul;97(3):307-21. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330970305.
Changes in the pattern of growth over a 20-year period are described for a combined rural and semi-urban population in the District of Nuñoa (Puno) in southern Peruvian Andes. Over the past two decades, Andean regions have experienced many socioeconomic changes, including the implementation of agrarian reform policies and increased integration into a market economy. Local changes in Nuñoa have included improved transportation networks, new markets, an expanded public school system, and improved health care facilities. Secular trends in stature and weight have been found to be associated with social and economic development throughout the developing world, including Peru. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings from a re-study of growth in the Nuñoan population, and to assess whether changing conditions in Nuñoa have resulted in secular increases in growth. A cross-sectional sample of 1,466 children and adults and mixed-longitudinal sample of 404 children (age 3-22), measured between 1983 and 1984, are compared to similar samples collected from the same location between 1964 and 1966. Adolescents are taller, heavier, and somewhat fatter in the present population, although these differences diminish or disappear in adulthood. Age of maturation, peak growth velocities, and cessation of growth may come 1 to 2 years earlier than in the 1960s. As was found in earlier studies, growth velocities are low, the adolescent growth spurt is small, and sexual dimorphism is delayed. No secular trends in adult stature were found. Thus, the effects of social and economic change on nutrition, health, and growth in the population are uneven and generally unclear. This points to inequalities in access to the benefits of change throughout the region.
本文描述了秘鲁安第斯山脉南部努尼奥阿区（普诺省）农村和半城市人口混合群体在20年期间的生长模式变化。在过去二十年中，安第斯地区经历了许多社会经济变化，包括土地改革政策的实施以及融入市场经济的程度提高。努尼奥阿当地的变化包括交通网络改善、新市场出现、公立学校系统扩大以及医疗设施改善。在包括秘鲁在内的整个发展中世界，身高和体重的长期趋势已被发现与社会和经济发展相关。本文的目的是展示对努尼奥阿人口生长情况重新研究的结果，并评估努尼奥阿不断变化的状况是否导致了生长方面的长期增长。将1983年至1984年期间测量的1466名儿童和成人的横断面样本以及404名儿童（3至22岁）的混合纵向样本，与1964年至1966年期间在同一地点收集的类似样本进行比较。目前的人群中青少年更高、更重且稍胖一些，尽管这些差异在成年后会减小或消失。成熟年龄、生长峰值速度和生长停止可能比20世纪60年代提前1至2年。正如早期研究中发现的那样，生长速度较低，青少年生长突增较小，且性别差异延迟。未发现成人身高的长期趋势。因此，社会和经济变化对该人群营养、健康和生长的影响不均衡且总体不明确。这表明该地区在获取变化带来的益处方面存在不平等。
