Stetter F, Ackermann K, Bizer A, Straube E R, Mann K
Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Germany.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Jun;19(3):593-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01553.x.
We tested the hypothesis that alcoholics develop a disease-related attentional bias. Therefore, alcohol-related, but task-irrelevant, words should cause a specific perceptual-processing bias. We investigated this by using a special color-naming task. We subjected 40 male alcohol-dependent inpatients and 40 healthy male controls (matched according to age and verbal IQ) to a modified card version of the Stroop color-naming task that consisted of a neutral and an alcohol word condition ("Alcohol Stroop"). Alcoholic inpatients performed significantly poorer than the control group under the critical experimental condition (color-naming of disease-related words), as compared with the noncritical condition (color-naming of neutral words; p = 0.03). Concerning the possible neuropsychological impairment of the patients, no effects could be found on the reaction time of the "Standard Stroop" using only neutral words (i.e., color-naming of incongruent color words administered without time limitation). The information processing bias on the "Alcohol Stroop" thus qualifies as a cognitive process, which is independent from putative neuropsychological deficits of alcoholic patients and might represent an essential feature of alcoholic psychopathology. The "Alcohol Stroop" contributes to the experimental psychopathology of alcoholism.
我们检验了酗酒者会产生与疾病相关的注意力偏差这一假设。因此，与酒精相关但与任务无关的词汇应会导致特定的知觉加工偏差。我们通过使用一项特殊的颜色命名任务对此进行了研究。我们让40名男性酒精依赖住院患者和40名健康男性对照者（根据年龄和言语智商进行匹配）接受了一项改良版卡片形式的斯特鲁普颜色命名任务，该任务包括中性词条件和酒精词汇条件（“酒精斯特鲁普任务”）。在关键实验条件下（对与疾病相关词汇进行颜色命名），酒精依赖住院患者的表现显著差于对照组，而非关键条件下（对中性词进行颜色命名）则不然（p = 0.03）。关于患者可能存在的神经心理学损害，在仅使用中性词的“标准斯特鲁普任务”（即无时间限制地对不一致颜色词进行颜色命名）的反应时间上未发现影响。因此，“酒精斯特鲁普任务”中的信息加工偏差可被视为一种认知过程，它独立于酒精依赖患者可能存在的神经心理学缺陷，并且可能代表了酒精所致精神障碍病理学的一个基本特征。“酒精斯特鲁普任务”有助于酒精中毒的实验性精神病理学研究。
