Stormark K M, Laberg J C, Nordby H, Hugdahl K
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway.
J Stud Alcohol. 2000 Jan;61(1):18-23. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2000.61.18.
This study investigated alcoholics' selective attention to alcohol words in a version of the Stroop color-naming task.
Alcoholic subjects (n = 23) and nonalcoholic control subjects (n = 23) identified the color of Stroop versions of alcohol, emotional, neutral and color words. Manual reaction times (RTs), skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate (HR) were recorded.
Alcoholics showed overall longer RTs than controls while both groups were slower in responding to the incongruent color words than to the other words. Alcoholics showed longer RTs to both alcohol (1522.7 milliseconds [ms]) and emotional words (1523.7 ms) than to neutral words (1450.8 ms) which suggests that the content of these words interfered with the ability to attend to the color of the words. There was also a negative correlation (r = -.41) between RT and response accuracy to alcohol words for the alcoholics, reflecting that the longer time the alcoholics used to respond to the color of the alcohol words, the more incorrect their responses were. The alcoholics also showed significantly greater SCRs to alcohol words (0.16 microSiemens) than to any of the other words (ranging from 0.04-0.08 microSiemens), probably reflecting the emotional significance of the alcohol words. Finally, the alcoholics evidenced smaller HR acceleration to alcohol (1.9 delta bpm) compared to neutral (2.8 delta bpm), which could be related to difficulties alcoholics experience in terminating their attention to the alcohol words.
These findings indicate that it is difficult for alcoholics to regulate their attention to alcohol stimuli, suggesting that alcoholics' processing of alcohol information is automated.
本研究在一种版本的斯特鲁普颜色命名任务中，调查酗酒者对酒精相关词汇的选择性注意。
酗酒受试者（n = 23）和非酗酒对照受试者（n = 23）识别斯特鲁普版本的酒精、情绪、中性和颜色词汇的颜色。记录手动反应时（RTs）、皮肤电反应（SCRs）和心率（HR）。
酗酒者的总体反应时比对照组更长，且两组对不一致颜色词汇的反应均比对其他词汇更慢。酗酒者对酒精（1522.7毫秒[ms]）和情绪词汇（1523.7 ms）的反应时比对中性词汇（1450.8 ms）更长，这表明这些词汇的内容干扰了对词汇颜色的注意能力。对于酗酒者，反应时与对酒精词汇的反应准确性之间也存在负相关（r = -0.41），这反映出酗酒者对酒精词汇颜色做出反应所用时间越长，其反应错误就越多。酗酒者对酒精词汇的皮肤电反应（0.16微西门子）也显著大于对任何其他词汇的反应（范围为0.04 - 0.08微西门子），这可能反映了酒精词汇的情感意义。最后，与中性词汇（2.8次/分钟变化）相比，酗酒者对酒精词汇的心率加速较小（1.9次/分钟变化），这可能与酗酒者在终止对酒精词汇的注意时遇到的困难有关。
这些发现表明，酗酒者难以调节对酒精刺激的注意，这表明酗酒者对酒精信息的加工是自动化的。
