Schindler C, Darnell J E
Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA.
Annu Rev Biochem. 1995;64:621-51. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.003201.
Cytokines and growth factors regulate multiple aspects of cell growth through their interactions with specific receptors. These receptors initiate signals directed at both the cytoplasmic and the nuclear compartments. Many of the nuclear signals culminate in the induction of new genes. Characterization of the ability of IFN-alpha to rapidly induce new genes has led to the identification of a new signaling paradigm, the JAK-STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) pathway. In the IFN-alpha pathway, two receptor associated tyrosine kinases from the JAK family, Jak1 and Tyk2, mediate the activation of two latent cytoplasmic transcription factors, Stat1 and Stat2. More recent studies have not only determined that this pathway is used extensively, but have led to the identification of additional components (e.g., Jak2, Jak3, Stat3, Stat4, Stat5, and Stat6). This review will examine how these components mediate the transduction of signal directly from receptor to nucleus.
细胞因子和生长因子通过与特定受体相互作用来调节细胞生长的多个方面。这些受体启动针对细胞质和细胞核区室的信号。许多核信号最终导致新基因的诱导。对IFN-α快速诱导新基因能力的表征导致了一种新的信号转导模式，即JAK-STAT（信号转导子和转录激活子）途径的鉴定。在IFN-α途径中，来自JAK家族的两个受体相关酪氨酸激酶Jak1和Tyk2介导两个潜在细胞质转录因子Stat1和Stat2的激活。最近的研究不仅确定该途径被广泛使用，而且还导致了其他成分（如Jak2、Jak3、Stat3、Stat4、Stat5和Stat6）的鉴定。本综述将探讨这些成分如何介导信号直接从受体到细胞核的转导。
