Peterman T A, Zaidi A A, Wroten J
Division of STD/HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
AIDS. 1995 Aug;9(8):965-70. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199508000-00021.
Study methods of assessing HIV trends in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics where blinded seroprevalence has been among the highest in the United States.
Cross-sectional and retrospective cohort.
Reviewed computerized records of the four Miami STD clinics for 1987-1992.
A total of 53,403 persons had 70,793 tests. When testing began, 13% were HIV-positive. By 1992, 35% of all tests were performed on previously HIV-negative persons. This caused a faster decline in overall seroprevalence (to 7%) compared with seroprevalence among persons tested for the first time (to 9%). The percentage of tests performed for previously HIV-negative persons varied among age, race and sex subgroups, causing confounding if overall seroprevalence was used to compare groups. Seroconversion occurred in 514 patients. Black women were most likely to be positive on retesting (4.3%). Incidence rates did not change much over time, remaining at 2.5% per year.
When using a routine HIV-testing data to analyze trends, separate analyses should be undertaken for patients who were (or were not) previously tested. In these patients, the prevalence decreased slightly but incidence remained high, particularly among black women.
研究在美国盲法血清流行率一直处于最高水平的性传播疾病（STD）诊所中评估HIV趋势的方法。
横断面研究和回顾性队列研究。
查阅了迈阿密4家STD诊所1987 - 1992年的计算机记录。
共有53403人进行了70793次检测。检测开始时，13%的人HIV呈阳性。到1992年，所有检测中有35%是针对之前HIV阴性的人进行的。这导致总体血清流行率下降速度更快（降至7%），而首次检测人群的血清流行率降至9%。针对之前HIV阴性的人进行检测的比例在年龄、种族和性别亚组中有所不同，如果使用总体血清流行率来比较各组，会造成混淆。514例患者发生了血清转化。黑人女性再次检测时最有可能呈阳性（4.3%）。发病率随时间变化不大，维持在每年2.5%。
在使用常规HIV检测数据分析趋势时，应对之前接受过（或未接受过）检测的患者进行单独分析。在这些患者中，流行率略有下降，但发病率仍然很高，尤其是在黑人女性中。
