Oster S, Christoffersen P, Gundersen H J, Nielsen J O, Pedersen C, Pakkenberg B
Neurological Research Laboratory, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
APMIS. 1995 Jul-Aug;103(7-8):525-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01401.x.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) is neurotropic. One of the morphological changes that is seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is cerebral atrophy affecting various structures including the neocortex. The cause of atrophy is not known. The total number of neocortical neurons was estimated in formalin fixed brains of 12 males with AIDS and 12 male controls matched for age and height. The mean number of neocortical neurons was 16.0 x 10(9) (coefficient of variation = 0.11) in the AIDS patients compared with 21.9 x 10(9) (coefficient of variation = 0.22) in the controls, a difference of approximately six billion (p < 0.005, 2-tailed). The global neuronal loss was 37%, and affected all four neocortical lobes. Ten patients did not have a history of central nervous system symptoms; two patients had a history of dementia. The number of neurons in the AIDS cases was not associated with dementia. AIDS is the first disease in which a global loss of neocortical neurons has been demonstrated using unbiased stereological methods. The loss of more than one third of the neurons may partly explain the cortical atrophy. Focal neuron loss has been reported by several authors, but none have been based on unbiased methods. In this group of AIDS patients the severe loss of neurons did not correspond to neurological deficits.
人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）具有嗜神经性。获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者出现的形态学变化之一是脑萎缩，累及包括新皮质在内的各种结构。萎缩的原因尚不清楚。在12名患有AIDS的男性和12名年龄及身高匹配的男性对照的福尔马林固定脑标本中，估计了新皮质神经元的总数。AIDS患者新皮质神经元的平均数量为16.0×10⁹（变异系数=0.11），而对照组为21.9×10⁹（变异系数=0.22），相差约60亿（双侧p<0.005）。整体神经元损失率为37%，且累及新皮质的所有四个脑叶。10名患者无中枢神经系统症状病史；2名患者有痴呆病史。AIDS病例中的神经元数量与痴呆无关。AIDS是第一种使用无偏倚立体学方法证实新皮质神经元整体损失的疾病。超过三分之一的神经元损失可能部分解释了皮质萎缩。几位作者报告了局灶性神经元损失，但均未基于无偏倚方法。在这组AIDS患者中，严重的神经元损失与神经功能缺损并不对应。
