健康访视员在儿童事故预防方面的知识、态度和做法。

Health visitors' knowledge, attitudes and practices in childhood accident prevention.

作者信息

Marsh P, Kendrick D, Williams E I

机构信息

Department of Public Health Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Nottingham Medical School.

出版信息

J Public Health Med. 1995 Jun;17(2):193-9. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043092.

DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043092

PMID:7576803

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The importance of the health visitor's role in childhood accident prevention has long been recognized, although previous work suggests that many health visitors are unsure of that role, feel inadequately prepared for it and recognize significant constraints on their accident prevention activity. The Health of the nation suggested that specific accident prevention activities should be undertaken by health visitors. This study aims to assess whether those activities are currently part of routine health visiting practice, as well as the attitudes towards accident prevention and knowledge of childhood accidental injury epidemiology.

METHOD

A postal questionnaire survey covering knowledge, attitudes and practices in accident prevention as well as personal characteristics was sent to all health visitors in Nottinghamshire, using the community unit trusts' list of employees as the sampling frame.

RESULTS

A response rate of 88.5 per cent was obtained. The majority of health visitors were aware that accidental injuries are the most common cause of death in childhood above the age of one year. The majority of health visitors were also aware of the types of accident most likely to be fatal, and aware of the risk factors for childhood accidental injuries. Many health visitors held positive attitudes towards all accident prevention activities covered in the questionnaire. There was a positive correlation between attitude and knowledge scores (p < 0.01). There were some discrepancies between attitudes and current practices, particularly in the areas of teaching first aid to parents' groups and lobbying or campaigning on local safety issues.

CONCLUSIONS

Although many health visitors hold positive attitudes towards, and currently undertake many of the accident prevention activities suggested in the Health of the nation, there are areas where practice could be improved, such as giving advice about stockists of safety equipment including local loan schemes, undertaking first aid sessions in parents' groups and lobbying or campaigning on local safety issues.

摘要

背景

健康访视员在预防儿童事故方面的作用的重要性早已得到认可，尽管先前的研究表明，许多健康访视员不确定自己的角色，觉得对此准备不足，并认识到其事故预防活动受到重大限制。《国家健康报告》建议健康访视员应开展特定的事故预防活动。本研究旨在评估这些活动目前是否是常规健康访视工作的一部分，以及对事故预防的态度和对儿童意外伤害流行病学的了解情况。

方法

使用社区单位信托的员工名单作为抽样框架，向诺丁汉郡的所有健康访视员发送了一份涵盖事故预防知识、态度和实践以及个人特征的邮政问卷调查。

结果

获得了88.5%的回复率。大多数健康访视员意识到意外伤害是一岁以上儿童死亡的最常见原因。大多数健康访视员也了解最有可能致命的事故类型，并了解儿童意外伤害的风险因素。许多健康访视员对问卷中涵盖的所有事故预防活动持积极态度。态度得分与知识得分之间存在正相关（p<0.01）。态度与当前实践之间存在一些差异，特别是在向家长群体传授急救知识以及就当地安全问题进行游说或开展活动方面。