Pratt L K, Runyan C W, Cohen L R, Margolis P A
Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7505, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 1998 Feb;15(1):44-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.1998.tb00320.x.
Injuries are the leading cause of death for children under age 19. Prevention efforts focus on eliminating hazards or changing individuals' behavior. Few interventions address psychosocial factors that contribute to injuries. Home visiting programs target families' functioning and help parents overcome, barriers that inhibit their readiness and ability to address injury prevention. This study, a telephone interview with 87 public health nurses and social workers, assessed home visitors' preparedness to address childhood injury prevention, their practices and factors influencing their ability to undertake injury prevention activities. Results showed that 41% of home visitors talked to parents about injury prevention during visits. To identify hazards, most visitors (81%) assessed the home environment as they did other things; 51% never used a home safety checklist. Most home visitors discussed hot water temperature (82%), smoke detectors (76%), and firearms (50%). To respond to hazards, most relied on verbal education. Other priorities and time constraints were major barriers to injury prevention activities. Home visitors' beliefs in the importance of injury prevention and willingness to implement strategies suggest that home visiting can be an effective delivery strategy for injury prevention. It is important to consider how to include, in a systematic manner, injury prevention in home visitor training.
伤害是19岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因。预防工作重点在于消除危险因素或改变个人行为。很少有干预措施涉及导致伤害的心理社会因素。家访项目针对家庭功能，帮助家长克服阻碍他们做好准备并具备预防伤害能力的障碍。本研究通过对87名公共卫生护士和社会工作者进行电话访谈，评估了家访人员预防儿童伤害的准备情况、他们的做法以及影响其开展伤害预防活动能力的因素。结果显示，41%的家访人员在访视期间与家长谈论过伤害预防问题。为识别危险因素，大多数访视人员（81%）在做其他事情时顺便评估家庭环境；51%的人从未使用过家庭安全检查表。大多数家访人员讨论过热水温度（82%）、烟雾报警器（76%）和枪支（50%）。为应对危险因素，大多数人依靠口头教育。其他优先事项和时间限制是伤害预防活动的主要障碍。家访人员对伤害预防重要性的信念以及实施策略的意愿表明，家访可以成为一种有效的伤害预防传播策略。考虑如何将伤害预防系统地纳入家访人员培训很重要。
