Rajkowska G, Goldman-Rakic P S
Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
Cereb Cortex. 1995 Jul-Aug;5(4):323-37. doi: 10.1093/cercor/5.4.323.
The human prefrontal cortex can be divided into structurally and functionally distinct cytoarchitectonic areas, but the extent of individual variation in the position, size, and shape of these areas is unknown. Using criteria described in the preceding companion article (Rajkowska and Goldman-Rakic, 1995), as well as visual inspection, we have mapped areas 9 and 46 in the frontal lobe of seven postmortem human brains, and completely reconstructed these dorsolateral regions in five of the seven cases. The lateral reconstructions in these five cases were analyzed and superimposed on the lateral view of the Talairach and Tournoux (1988) coordinate system in such a way as to render both the variability and the regions of overlap for the two prefrontal areas in the five different brains. Based on this exercise, we developed a set of conservative Talairach coordinates to define area 9 and 46. Area 9 is located on the dorsal, lateral, and dorsomedial surfaces of the frontal lobe extending along the middle third of the superior frontal gyrus and adjacent portions of the middle frontal gyrus in all cases examined. Area 46 lies on the dorsolateral convexity and is either partially or completely surrounded by area 9. It is consistently found on one or more convolutions of the middle frontal gyrus. The superior border of area 46 with adjacent cortex is also variable within the middle and superior frontal sulci, as is the inferior border within the upper wall of the inferior frontal sulcus. The genuine variability in the morphology of the human frontal lobe indicated by our findings suggests that the differences among the classical maps of Brodmann, von Economo and Koskinas, and Sarkissov and others may have been due to normal variation among the brains they analyzed. Such variation may underlie individual differences in the visuospatial and cognitive capacities subserved by these areas.
人类前额叶皮质可分为结构和功能上不同的细胞构筑区，但这些区域在位置、大小和形状上的个体差异程度尚不清楚。利用前文（Rajkowska和Goldman-Rakic，1995年）所述标准以及视觉检查，我们绘制了7个死后人类大脑额叶中的9区和46区，并在7例中的5例中完全重建了这些背外侧区域。对这5例的外侧重建进行了分析，并以这样一种方式叠加在Talairach和Tournoux（1988年）坐标系的侧视图上，以便呈现5个不同大脑中两个前额叶区域的变异性和重叠区域。基于此操作，我们制定了一组保守的Talairach坐标来定义9区和46区。在所有检查的病例中，9区位于额叶的背侧、外侧和背内侧表面，沿着额上回的中三分之一以及额中回的相邻部分延伸。46区位于背外侧凸面，部分或完全被9区包围。它始终位于额中回的一个或多个脑回上。46区与相邻皮质的上边界在额中沟和额上沟内也存在变异，其下边界在额下沟上壁内也是如此。我们的研究结果表明，人类额叶形态的真正变异性表明，Brodmann、von Economo和Koskinas以及Sarkissov等人的经典图谱之间的差异可能是由于他们分析的大脑之间的正常变异所致。这种变异可能是这些区域所支持的视觉空间和认知能力个体差异的基础。
