Jang K L, Livesley W J, Vernon P A
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Addiction. 1997 Oct;92(10):1265-76.
Although gender differences in the consumption and abuse of alcohol and drugs are frequently reported, the etiology of these differences has received limited attention. The present study applied biometric genetic analyses to determine whether self-report questionnaire items assessing problem alcohol and drug use are influenced by gender-specific genetic and environmental influences. The sample consisted of 693 volunteer general population twin pairs (209 monozygotic female, 138 monozygotic male, 170 dizygotic female, 82 dizygotic male, 94 dizygotic opposite-sex twin pairs). Heritability analyses showed that most aspects of drug and alcohol problems were differentially heritable by gender. Significant additive genetic effects were found only in males, whereas in females, most substance use problems were wholly determined by environmental factors. In both genders, non-shared environmental factors accounted for the largest proportion of the variance, and further gender-by-genotype analyses showed that these influences were not gender specific, but rather were common to males and females. Some preliminary evidence was also obtained that the use of illicit drugs may be etiologically distinct from the use of licit drugs in females and males.
尽管经常有关于酒精和药物消费及滥用方面的性别差异的报道，但这些差异的病因却很少受到关注。本研究应用生物统计学遗传分析来确定评估酒精和药物使用问题的自陈问卷项目是否受特定性别的遗传和环境影响。样本包括693对志愿参与的普通人群双胞胎（209对同卵双生女性、138对同卵双生男性、170对异卵双生女性、82对异卵双生男性、94对异卵异性双胞胎）。遗传力分析表明，药物和酒精问题的大多数方面在性别上具有不同的遗传性。仅在男性中发现了显著的加性遗传效应，而在女性中，大多数物质使用问题完全由环境因素决定。在两性中，非共享环境因素在变异中占最大比例，进一步的性别与基因型分析表明，这些影响并非特定于性别，而是男性和女性共有的。还获得了一些初步证据，表明非法药物的使用在病因上可能与合法药物的使用在女性和男性中有所不同。
