Smith D L, Baldwin L D, Amend M J, Kordash T R
Allergic Diseases Center, University of South Alabama, Mobile, USA.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1995 Oct;75(4):317-23.
Although cockroaches are responsible for severe allergic disease, cockroach extracts are not yet standardized by the ID50EAL method, nor have the allergens been completely characterized.
To determine biologic potency and immunoblotting patterns of whole-body extracts of three cockroach species: Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica, and Blatta orientalis.
Twenty-four subjects puncture test positive to mixed cockroach extract were puncture tested with the three extracts. Fourteen qualified for endpoint titration testing by the ID50EAL method to P. americana with a sum of erythema (sigma E) > or = 20 mm by puncture testing, while 13 qualified for B. germanica and 12 qualified for B. orientalis.
The mean D50s were 9.67 +/- 1.33 (mean +/- SD) for P. americana, 10.24 +/- 1.16 for B. germanica, and 10.36 +/- 1.40 for B. orientalis, resulting in a potency of 1000 BAU/mL for each extract. Omitting data from subjects with puncture sigma E < 30 mm did not change the calculated potency. Sixteen serum specimens revealed up to 17 bands with molecular weight 14 to 263 kD by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. Four specimens showed no bands; of these, one had a positive RAST only to P. americana and one only to B. germanica. There was no correlation between number of bands or RAST counts with D50.
IgE immunoblots of cockroach-allergic patients vary considerably as to the number and intensity of bands. Most patients react similarly to all three species. Current nonstandardized products (1:10 wt/vol) in glycero-Coca's solution appear to contain approximately 1000 BAU/mL. Ideally these extracts should be more potent, eg, 10,000 BAU/mL.
尽管蟑螂会引发严重的过敏性疾病，但蟑螂提取物尚未通过ID50EAL方法进行标准化，其过敏原也未被完全鉴定。
测定三种蟑螂（美洲大蠊、德国小蠊和东方蜚蠊）全身提取物的生物活性和免疫印迹模式。
对24名对混合蟑螂提取物点刺试验呈阳性的受试者，用这三种提取物进行点刺试验。14名受试者通过ID50EAL方法对美洲大蠊进行终点滴定试验，点刺试验红斑总和（σE）≥20mm，13名受试者对德国小蠊符合条件，12名受试者对东方蜚蠊符合条件。
美洲大蠊的平均D50为9.67±1.33（平均值±标准差），德国小蠊为10.24±1.16，东方蜚蠊为10.36±1.40，每种提取物的活性为1000 BAU/mL。剔除点刺σE＜30mm受试者的数据，计算出的活性不变。16份血清标本经SDS-PAGE免疫印迹显示，分子量为14至263kD的条带多达17条。4份标本未显示条带；其中1份仅对美洲大蠊RAST呈阳性，1份仅对德国小蠊RAST呈阳性。条带数量或RAST计数与D50之间无相关性。
蟑螂过敏患者的IgE免疫印迹在条带数量和强度上差异很大。大多数患者对这三种蟑螂的反应相似。目前甘油-可口溶液中未经标准化的产品（1:10重量/体积）似乎含有约1000 BAU/mL。理想情况下，这些提取物应具有更高的活性，例如10000 BAU/mL。
