Brightman M W, Ishihara S, Chang L
Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1995;202:63-78. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-79657-9_5.
The aspects presented here of how solutes, viruses and cells are able to cross the BBB indicate that there must be an active interaction of endothelium with viruses and immune system cells before they can penetrate the brain and spinal cord. The axoplasmic pathway taken by lectin-solute conjugates is similar but not identical to that followed by viral particles during their retrograde or anterograde transit through the axoplasm. Both the conjugates and virus are transferred to other neurons transsynaptically but the receptor mediated transfer utilized by viruses is far more specific. Cranial nerves are involved in both the entry and egress of antigens into and out of the brain. Antigen, generated within the CNS, may be able to escape from the brain to lymphoid tissue by passing into the fluid around a cranial nerve, thence via the lymph into lymph nodes to initiate an immune response involving the CNS.
此处所呈现的关于溶质、病毒和细胞如何穿过血脑屏障的内容表明，在内皮细胞与病毒及免疫系统细胞能够穿透脑和脊髓之前，它们之间必然存在活跃的相互作用。凝集素 - 溶质结合物所采用的轴浆途径与病毒颗粒在轴浆中逆行或顺行运输时所遵循的途径相似但并不相同。结合物和病毒都通过突触传递转移到其他神经元，但病毒所利用的受体介导的转移要更加特异。脑神经参与抗原进出脑的过程。中枢神经系统内产生的抗原可能能够通过进入脑神经周围的液体，进而经淋巴进入淋巴结，从而从脑逃逸至淋巴组织，引发涉及中枢神经系统的免疫反应。
