Sandström T
Dept of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umeå.
Eur Respir J. 1995 Jun;8(6):976-95.
Epidemiological and environmental chamber studies in man, and toxicological studies in animals, have provided valuable insights into the biological effects, the mechanisms of action, and the dose-response characteristics of some major air pollutants. This review describes the information currently available on air pollutant effects in man, as the result of experimental studies. There are certain advantages, as well as some limitations, in human chamber exposure studies, but if carefully designed and based upon relevant background data they may give information that is valuable for understanding the effects of air pollutants in man. Reversible effects on the airway mechanics, the responsiveness of the airways to methacholine and allergen have been shown to be caused by air pollutants. Furthermore, significant changes have been demonstrated in airway permeability, bronchoalveolar lavage, nasal lavage, and peripheral blood cells and inflammatory markers. Currently, human toxicology to air pollutants is a progressive research area.
针对人类的流行病学和环境舱室研究以及针对动物的毒理学研究，为某些主要空气污染物的生物学效应、作用机制和剂量反应特征提供了宝贵的见解。本综述描述了目前通过实验研究获得的有关空气污染物对人类影响的信息。人体舱室暴露研究有一定优势，也存在一些局限性，但如果精心设计并基于相关背景数据，它们可能会提供对理解空气污染物对人类影响有价值的信息。空气污染物已被证明会对气道力学、气道对乙酰甲胆碱和过敏原的反应性产生可逆影响。此外，在气道通透性、支气管肺泡灌洗、鼻腔灌洗以及外周血细胞和炎症标志物方面已显示出显著变化。目前，空气污染物的人体毒理学是一个不断发展的研究领域。
