Eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa.

BACKGROUND

The eosinophilic ulcer is a rare lesion of the oral mucosa that has been infrequently described in the literature.

OBJECTIVE

We attempted to characterize the history, demographics, clinical features, histologic features, pathogenesis, and treatment of the eosinophilic ulcer.

METHODS

We observed three new cases of eosinophilic ulcer and reviewed the English-language literature.

RESULTS

Eosinophilic ulcer occurs in any age group, without sex preference. The most common site in the oral cavity is the tongue, and the average size at diagnosis is 1.6 cm2. These lesions are often ulcerated, may be tender, and are sometimes multiple. The histologic features are characteristic but likely represent a spectrum of related disorders. Most eosinophilic ulcers will resolve spontaneously within a month. Recurrences are uncommon (< 15%).

CONCLUSION

The eosinophilic ulcer is a benign, self-limited, reactive process of the oral mucosa of unknown origin. Its histologic features are characteristic but may be confused with atypical histiocytic granuloma and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia or, more importantly, lymphoma. This condition most likely represents a spectrum of related disorders with overlapping clinical and histologic features. After the diagnosis has been histologically confirmed, conservative management is suggested.