Perdigon G, Alvarez S, Rachid M, Agüero G, Gobbato N
Centro de Referencias para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Tucumán, Argentina.
J Dairy Sci. 1995 Jul;78(7):1597-606. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76784-4.
The immune system consists of organs and several cell types. Antigen interaction with these cells induces a cellular immune response mediated by activated cells and a humoral immune response mediated by antibodies. The cellular interactions are enhanced by adhesion molecules, and the activated cells release different cytokines. These complex cellular interactions induce a systemic immune response. If the antigen penetrates by the oral route, a secretory immune response is obtained, which is mediated by secretory IgA. The determination of the number of T or B cells, the quantitative or qualitative measure of the cytokines, antibody levels, or the study of cellular function such as phagocytic activity is used to evaluate the state of the immune system. The effects of lactic acid bacteria on the systemic immune response and on the secretory immune system are described. Potential health benefits of lactic acid bacteria include protection against enteric infections, use as an oral adjuvant, the immunopotentiator in malnutrition, and the prevention of chemically induced tumors. The results showed that Lactobacillus casei could prevent enteric infections and stimulate secretory IgA in malnourished animals, but could produce bacteria translocation. Yogurt could inhibit the growth of intestinal carcinoma through increased activity of IgA, T cells, and macrophages.
免疫系统由器官和几种细胞类型组成。抗原与这些细胞的相互作用会诱导由活化细胞介导的细胞免疫反应和由抗体介导的体液免疫反应。细胞间的相互作用通过黏附分子得到增强，活化细胞会释放不同的细胞因子。这些复杂的细胞间相互作用会诱导全身性免疫反应。如果抗原通过口服途径侵入，就会获得由分泌型IgA介导的分泌性免疫反应。测定T细胞或B细胞的数量、细胞因子的定量或定性测量、抗体水平，或者研究细胞功能如吞噬活性等，都可用于评估免疫系统的状态。本文描述了乳酸菌对全身性免疫反应和分泌性免疫系统的影响。乳酸菌对健康的潜在益处包括预防肠道感染、用作口服佐剂、改善营养不良中的免疫增强作用以及预防化学诱导的肿瘤。结果表明，干酪乳杆菌可以预防肠道感染并刺激营养不良动物的分泌型IgA，但可能会导致细菌移位。酸奶可以通过增强IgA、T细胞和巨噬细胞的活性来抑制肠道癌的生长。
