Weisz R, Fleischer S, Smilowitz Z
Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 1995 Oct;88(5):1069-80. doi: 10.1093/jee/88.5.1069.
Site-specific agriculture uses maps to optimize within-field placement of agricultural practices. This technology introduces the potential to optimize pest management by varying pesticide or other inputs to better match within-field variation in pest density. Current sampling plans are designed to estimate mean density and may not be suitable for mapping, although useful sampling plans could be developed for map generation for integrated pest management. Using Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), adults, larvae, and egg masses as model systems, the influence of the sample unit on map validity was explored. Adapting currently used sampling plans for potato integrated pest management by spatially referencing each sampled stem failed to resolve spatial dependence and resulted in maps with poor reliability. Increasing the sample unit improved resolution of spatial dependence and map reliability for each life stage. A distance-walk sample unit for adult and late instar Colorado potato beetles which has high potential for map generation is introduced. Using this sample unit, generalizations about Colorado potato beetle spatial dependence are made to discuss issues of developing sampling programs for map generation. An iterative process of sampling, spatial analysis, and error analysis is suggested for evaluating sample units for mapping pest density in high value crops.
特定地点农业利用地图来优化田间农业实践的布局。这项技术为优化害虫管理带来了潜力，即通过改变农药或其他投入，使其更好地与田间害虫密度的变化相匹配。目前的抽样计划旨在估计平均密度，可能不适用于绘制地图，不过可以制定有用的抽样计划来生成用于综合害虫管理的地图。以科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫（Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)）的成虫、幼虫和卵块作为模型系统，探讨了样本单元对地图有效性的影响。通过对每个采样茎进行空间定位来调整目前用于马铃薯综合害虫管理的抽样计划，未能解决空间依赖性问题，导致生成的地图可靠性较差。增加样本单元提高了每个生命阶段的空间依赖性分辨率和地图可靠性。介绍了一种对成虫和老龄科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫具有很大地图生成潜力的距离行走样本单元。利用这个样本单元，对科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫的空间依赖性进行了概括，以讨论制定用于地图生成的抽样计划的相关问题。建议采用抽样、空间分析和误差分析的迭代过程来评估用于绘制高价值作物害虫密度地图的样本单元。
