Turner J B
Florida State University, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 1995 Sep;36(3):213-29.
Most studies of the health consequences of unemployment ignore the economic context within which job loss occurs. Using data from a subset (N = 1,252) of a national probability sample, this paper compares the effects of current and previous unemployment on depression and subjective physical health status across levels of educational attainment and local job availability. Results show that current unemployment effects among the previously unemployed are strongest in low unemployment areas, particularly among individuals with a college-level education. These findings are interpreted in terms of the two categories of unemployment-related stress most frequently identified in the literature: financial strain, which is thought to be more salient for people in lower socioeconomic statuses, and damage to sense of self, which may primarily characterize higher status victims of job loss.
大多数关于失业对健康影响的研究都忽略了失业发生时的经济背景。本文利用全国概率样本中的一个子集（N = 1252）的数据，比较了当前和先前失业对不同教育程度和当地就业机会水平下的抑郁及主观身体健康状况的影响。结果表明，在先前失业的人群中，当前失业的影响在低失业率地区最为强烈，尤其是在受过大学教育的人群中。这些发现是根据文献中最常提到的两类与失业相关的压力来解释的：经济压力，这被认为对社会经济地位较低的人更为突出；以及自我认同感的损害，这可能主要是高地位失业者的特征。
