Piazza A, Rendine S, Minch E, Menozzi P, Mountain J, Cavalli-Sforza L L
Dipartimento di Genetica, Biologia e Chimica Medica e Centro Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche di Immunogenetica ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Università di Torino, Italy.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jun 20;92(13):5836-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.13.5836.
A new set of European genetic data has been analyzed to dissect independent patterns of geographic variation. The most important cause of European genetic variation has been confirmed to correspond to the migration of Neolithic farmers from the area of origin of agriculture in the Middle East. The next most important component of genetic variation is apparently associated with a north-south gradient possibly due to adaptation to cold climates but also to the differentiation of the Uralic and the Indo-European language-speaking people; however, the relevant correlations are not significantly different from zero after elimination of the spatial autocorrelation. The third component is highly correlated with the infiltration of the Yamna ("Kurgan") people, nomadic pastoralists who domesticated the horse and who have been claimed to have spread Indo-European languages to Europe; this association, which is statistically significant even when taking spatial autocorrelations into account, does not completely exclude the hypothesis of Indo-European as the language of Neolithic farmers. It is possible that both expansions were responsible for the spread of different subfamilies of Indo-European languages, but our genetic data cannot resolve their relative importance.
一组新的欧洲基因数据已被分析，以剖析地理变异的独立模式。欧洲基因变异的最重要原因已被证实与新石器时代农民从中东农业起源地区的迁移相对应。基因变异的第二重要组成部分显然与南北梯度有关，这可能是由于对寒冷气候的适应，也与乌拉尔语系和印欧语系说者的分化有关；然而，在消除空间自相关后，相关相关性与零没有显著差异。第三个组成部分与颜那亚（“库尔干”）人群的渗透高度相关，颜那亚人群是游牧牧民，他们驯化了马，有人声称他们将印欧语系传播到了欧洲；即使考虑到空间自相关，这种关联在统计上也是显著的，但它并没有完全排除印欧语系是新石器时代农民语言的假设。有可能这两次扩张都导致了印欧语系不同语族的传播，但我们的基因数据无法确定它们的相对重要性。
