Mollentze W F, Moore A J, Steyn A F, Joubert G, Steyn K, Oosthuizen G M, Weich D J
Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein.
S Afr Med J. 1995 Feb;85(2):90-6.
To determine and compare the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) risk factors in a rural and an urban black population.
A survey to determine the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, central obesity and dyslipidaemia in black subjects 25 years and older.
The indigenous black populations of QwaQwa and Mangaung.
A random sample of 950 households was selected from each area. From each household an unrelated male and/or female subject was selected in a standardised way. From QwaQwa 853 subjects (279 men and 574 women) and from Mangaung 758 subjects (290 men and 468 women) participated in the study. The response rate was 68% and 62% respectively for QwaQwa and Mangaung.
Few urban-rural differences in the prevalence of IHD risk factors were found in this study. A low prevalence of clustering of major IHD risk factors was noted.
The age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of hypertension were 29% in QwaQwa and 30.3% in Mangaung. Diabetes was present in 4.8% of the QwaQwa sample and 6% of the Mangaung sample. The prevalence of heavy smoking in the Mangaung sample was almost double that of the QwaQwa sample and mostly confined to men. High-risk hypercholesterolaemia was present in 12.5% of QwaQwa and 6% of Mangaung men in the 25-34-year age group. The corresponding figures for moderate-risk hypercholesterolaemia were 34% and 44.8% and both levels of risk declined with increasing age. The mean body mass index of women in both samples exceeded 25 kg/m2.
All the elements for a potential epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are present in the study populations. The similarity of findings in the two samples may be indicative of the advanced stage of urbanisation and westernisation of the rural group. It is alarming that subjects in the younger age groups tended to have the highest prevalences of moderate and even high-risk hypercholesterolaemia.
确定并比较农村和城市黑人人群中缺血性心脏病（IHD）危险因素的患病率。
一项调查，旨在确定25岁及以上黑人受试者中高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、肥胖、中心性肥胖和血脂异常的患病率。
夸夸和曼加翁的本地黑人人群。
从每个地区随机抽取950户家庭。从每户家庭中以标准化方式选取一名无关的男性和/或女性受试者。夸夸有853名受试者（279名男性和574名女性），曼加翁有758名受试者（290名男性和468名女性）参与了研究。夸夸和曼加翁的应答率分别为68%和62%。
本研究发现IHD危险因素患病率在城乡之间差异不大。主要IHD危险因素聚集的患病率较低。
年龄和性别调整后的高血压患病率在夸夸为29%，在曼加翁为30.3%。夸夸样本中有4.8%患有糖尿病，曼加翁样本中有6%患有糖尿病。曼加翁样本中重度吸烟的患病率几乎是夸夸样本的两倍，且主要限于男性。在25 - 34岁年龄组中，夸夸男性中有12.5%患有高危高胆固醇血症，曼加翁男性中有6%患有高危高胆固醇血症。中度风险高胆固醇血症的相应数字分别为34%和44.8%，且两种风险水平均随年龄增长而下降。两个样本中女性的平均体重指数均超过25kg/m²。
研究人群中存在动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病潜在流行的所有因素。两个样本结果的相似性可能表明农村人群的城市化和西方化已处于晚期阶段。令人担忧的是，较年轻年龄组的受试者中中度甚至高危高胆固醇血症的患病率往往最高。
