Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Aug 7;13:732. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-732.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the majority of developed and developing countries. African countries are currently facing an increase in both cardiovascular and transmitted diseases. In addition, cardiovascular risk varies among different socioeconomic groups. Thus, we determined the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy public-sector workers and investigated possible relationships with socioeconomic status.
We employed a cross-sectional study comprising 42.2% (n = 615) of the public-sector workers at Agostinho Neto University, 48% (n = 294) male and 52% (n= 321) female, with ages between 20 and 72 years and from various socioeconomic groups. The study was conducted from February 2009 to December 2010. Personal, anthropometric, biochemical, hemodynamic, socioeconomic, and physical activity data were collected.
The prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors were as follows: hypertension, 45.2% (men 46.3%, women 44.2%, P > 0.05); hypercholesterolemia, 11.1% (men 10.5%, women 11.5%, P > 0.05); low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, 50.1% (men 36.9%, women 62.3%; P < 0.05); hypertriglyceridemia, 10.6% (men 12.6%, women 8.7%, P > 0.05); smoking, 7.2% (men 10.2%, women 4.4%; P < 0.05); diabetes, 5.7% (men 5.5%, women 5.9%, P > 0.05); overweight, 29.3% (men 27.3%, women 31.2%, P > 0.05); obesity, 19.6% (men 9.2%, women 29.0%; P < 0.05); sedentary lifestyle, 87.2% (men 83.0%, women 91,0%, P < 0.05); and left ventricular hypertrophy, 20% (men 32.0%, women 9.0%; P < 0.05). At least one risk factor was present in 27.7% of the sample; 15.2% had two risk factors, and 31.4% had three or more risk factors. Among the individuals with low socioeconomic status, 41.0% had three or more risk factors.
The results of this study suggest the existence of a high prevalence of multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy public-sector workers in Angola. The workers in lower socioeconomic groups had higher incidences of hypertension, smoking, and left ventricular hypertrophy.
心血管疾病是大多数发达国家和发展中国家的主要死亡原因。非洲国家目前正面临心血管疾病和传染病发病率的上升。此外，心血管风险在不同的社会经济群体中存在差异。因此，我们确定了在明显健康的公共部门工作者中可改变的心血管危险因素的流行率，并调查了其与社会经济地位的可能关系。
我们采用了一项横断面研究，该研究包括阿戈斯蒂尼奥·内图大学 42.2%（n=615）的公共部门工作人员，其中 48%（n=294）为男性，52%（n=321）为女性，年龄在 20 至 72 岁之间，来自不同的社会经济群体。研究于 2009 年 2 月至 2010 年 12 月进行。收集了个人、人体测量学、生化、血液动力学、社会经济和身体活动数据。
心血管危险因素的患病率如下：高血压，45.2%（男性 46.3%，女性 44.2%，P>0.05）；高胆固醇血症，11.1%（男性 10.5%，女性 11.5%，P>0.05）；低高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇，50.1%（男性 36.9%，女性 62.3%；P<0.05）；高甘油三酯血症，10.6%（男性 12.6%，女性 8.7%，P>0.05）；吸烟，7.2%（男性 10.2%，女性 4.4%；P<0.05）；糖尿病，5.7%（男性 5.5%，女性 5.9%，P>0.05）；超重，29.3%（男性 27.3%，女性 31.2%，P>0.05）；肥胖，19.6%（男性 9.2%，女性 29.0%；P<0.05）；久坐的生活方式，87.2%（男性 83.0%，女性 91.0%，P<0.05）；左心室肥厚，20%（男性 32.0%，女性 9.0%；P<0.05）。在样本中，有 27.7%的人存在至少一种风险因素；15.2%的人有两种风险因素，31.4%的人有三种或更多风险因素。在社会经济地位较低的人群中，有 41.0%的人有三种或更多的风险因素。
本研究结果表明，安哥拉公共部门工作人员中存在多种心血管疾病高危因素，发生率较高。社会经济地位较低的人群中高血压、吸烟和左心室肥厚的发生率较高。
