Swerdlow A J, Cooke K R, Skegg D C, Wilkinson J
Epidemiological Monitoring Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Br J Cancer. 1995 Jul;72(1):236-43. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1995.309.
Risks of cancer incidence in people born in England and Wales and New Zealand (non-Maoris) living in their home countries, and after migration between the two countries, were analysed using data from their national cancer registries. Since these populations are of similar genetic origin, any real differences in cancer incidence between them are likely to reflect the action of environmental or behavioural risk factors. The greatest differences in risk between the countries were for cutaneous melanoma and lip cancer. In each sex, relative risks of these malignancies were 4 or greater for the New Zealand-born in New Zealand compared with English and Welsh natives in their home country, and risks for migrants in each direction were generally intermediate between those born in the home country in the two countries. Sizeable significantly raised risks in the New Zealand-born in New Zealand compared with English and Welsh natives in England and Wales also occurred for cancers of the mouth, small intestine, colon, thymus, eye and thyroid, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in each sex, and for cancer of the prostate. For all of these sites except mouth, small intestine and colon there were also risks around or above New Zealand-born levels for English and Welsh migrants to New Zealand; for colon cancer these migrants had risks close to those in England and Wales. New Zealand migrants to England and Wales had risks of cancers of the colon and prostate that were similar to or above New Zealand levels. Risks of cancers of the stomach, lung, pleura and bladder, and Hodgkin's disease in each sex, and cancers of the cervix, ovary and scrotum and penis, were substantially and significantly lower in the New Zealand-born living in New Zealand than in English and Welsh natives in England and Wales. In English and Welsh migrants to New Zealand risks of bladder cancer in each sex, and of scrotal and penile and pleural cancer in males, approximated to England and Wales risks; cervical cancer risk approximated to the New Zealand risk; and stomach, lung and ovarian cancers showed intermediate risks. Migrants from New Zealand to England and Wales did not gain the lung cancer or clearly the stomach cancer risk of their host country, but did have bladder cancer risks approximating to those in England and Wales.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
利用英格兰、威尔士和新西兰（非毛利人）本国以及两国间移民人群的国家癌症登记数据，分析了出生于这些地区的人群在本国及移民后的癌症发病风险。由于这些人群基因来源相似，他们之间癌症发病率的任何实际差异都可能反映环境或行为风险因素的作用。两国之间风险差异最大的是皮肤黑素瘤和唇癌。在各个性别中，与在本国的英格兰和威尔士本地人相比，新西兰出生在新西兰的人群患这些恶性肿瘤的相对风险为4倍或更高，且双向移民的风险通常介于两国本国出生人群的风险之间。与英格兰和威尔士的英格兰及威尔士本地人相比，新西兰出生在新西兰的人群患口腔、小肠、结肠、胸腺、眼和甲状腺癌以及各性别非霍奇金淋巴瘤和前列腺癌的风险也显著大幅升高。除口腔、小肠和结肠外，对于所有这些部位，移民到新西兰的英格兰和威尔士人也存在接近或高于新西兰出生人群水平的风险；对于结肠癌，这些移民的风险与英格兰和威尔士的风险相近。移民到英格兰和威尔士的新西兰人患结肠癌和前列腺癌的风险与新西兰水平相似或更高。与生活在英格兰和威尔士的英格兰及威尔士本地人相比，生活在新西兰的新西兰出生人群患胃癌、肺癌、胸膜癌和膀胱癌以及各性别霍奇金病，以及宫颈癌、卵巢癌、阴囊癌和阴茎癌的风险大幅显著降低。在移民到新西兰的英格兰和威尔士人中，各性别膀胱癌以及男性阴囊癌、阴茎癌和胸膜癌的风险接近英格兰和威尔士的风险；宫颈癌风险接近新西兰的风险；胃癌、肺癌和卵巢癌则呈现中间风险。从新西兰移民到英格兰和威尔士的人群并未获得其所在国的肺癌或明显的胃癌风险，但膀胱癌风险接近英格兰和威尔士的风险。（摘要截选至400字）
