Knowlton B J, Squire L R
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1995 May;21(3):699-710. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.21.3.699.
Amnesic patients and a control group were given a recognition test 10 min after studying words. For each recognized word, participants indicated whether they remembered it (R) or whether simply they knew that the word was presented but had no recollections about it (K). The patients were impaired for both R and K responses, performing like a control group tested after 1 week. Another control group was tested both 10 min and 1 week after study. The proportion of words initially eliciting an R response and later eliciting a K response exceeded the proportion of K responses that shifted to R responses. These data are accounted for if items initially eliciting R responses can also elicit K responses. We conclude that the R-K distinction does not reflect the operation of explicit and implicit memory but reflects instead a distinction within declarative memory. Thus, K responses depend on brain structures damaged in amnesia; R responses depend on these same structures and also on the frontal lobes for contextual information.
失忆症患者和一个对照组在学习单词10分钟后接受了一项识别测试。对于每个被识别的单词，参与者要表明他们是记得这个单词（R），还是仅仅知道这个单词出现过但没有关于它的记忆（K）。患者在R和K反应方面都受损，表现得就像1周后测试的对照组。另一个对照组在学习后10分钟和1周都进行了测试。最初引发R反应后来引发K反应的单词比例超过了从K反应转变为R反应的比例。如果最初引发R反应的项目也能引发K反应，那么这些数据就能得到解释。我们得出结论，R-K区分并不反映外显记忆和内隐记忆的运作，而是反映了陈述性记忆中的一种区分。因此，K反应取决于失忆症中受损的脑结构；R反应取决于这些相同的结构，也取决于额叶提供的情境信息。
