Ratcliff R, McKoon G
Psychology Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1995 May;21(3):754-67. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.21.3.754.
Seven experiments examined priming effects for 3-dimensional line drawings in the object decision task. One of the most important previous findings about object decisions has been that the decision about a possible object is primed by previous presentation of the object, but the decision about an impossible object is not. Through the use of manipulations that can eliminate processes that retrieve episodic information (response time deadlines, memory load, forced choice, and similarity), equal size effects on impossible and possible objects were obtained. This is interpreted to mean that priming effects reflect a bias to respond "possible," which can be opposed for impossible objects by episodic information so as to yield the approximately null priming effect for impossible objects found in past experiments.
七项实验在客体判定任务中检验了三维线条图的启动效应。此前关于客体判定的最重要发现之一是，对可能客体的判定会受到该客体先前呈现的启动作用，但对不可能客体的判定则不会。通过采用能够消除提取情景信息过程的操作（反应时限制、记忆负荷、强制选择和相似性），得到了对不可能客体和可能客体同等大小的效应。这被解释为意味着启动效应反映了一种“可能”反应的偏向，对于不可能客体，情景信息可以对抗这种偏向，从而在过去的实验中产生对不可能客体近似为零的启动效应。
