Schacter D L, Cooper L A
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1995 May;21(3):768-76. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.21.3.768.
R. Ratcliff and G. McKoon (1995) describe 7 experiments that led them to conclude that priming of possible but not impossible objects on the object decision task introduced by D.L. Schacter, L.A. Cooper, & S.M. Delaney (1990) is attributable to explicit memory processes that offset a bias to call studied objects "possible." On the basis of this point, Ratcliff and McKoon (1995) claim to have undermined our hypothesis that a structural description system plays an important role in object decision priming. Ratcliff and McKoon (1995) also offer a general critique of multiple memory systems accounts of priming and explicit memory. Ratcliff and McKoon's (1995) arguments are based on an inaccurate characterization of Schacter et al.'s theoretical position; the evidence for Ratcliff and McKoon's (1995) idea that explicit memory offsets bias is weak, and the central assumptions that underlie both Ratcliff and McKoon's (1995) specific experimental manipulations and their general conclusions are questionable.
R. 拉特克利夫和G. 麦昆（1995年）描述了7个实验，这些实验使他们得出结论：在D.L. 沙克特、L.A. 库珀和S.M. 德莱尼（1990年）提出的物体决策任务中，对可能而非不可能的物体进行启动，可归因于明确记忆过程，该过程抵消了将已研究物体称为“可能”的偏差。基于这一点，拉特克利夫和麦昆（1995年）声称已经推翻了我们的假设，即结构描述系统在物体决策启动中起重要作用。拉特克利夫和麦昆（1995年）还对启动和明确记忆的多重记忆系统解释提出了一般性批评。拉特克利夫和麦昆（1995年）的论点基于对沙克特等人理论立场的不准确描述；拉特克利夫和麦昆（1995年）关于明确记忆抵消偏差这一观点的证据薄弱，而且构成拉特克利夫和麦昆（1995年）具体实验操作及其一般性结论基础的核心假设值得怀疑。
