Diabetic retinopathy. Relationship with nephropathy in pediatric age.

In order to evaluate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy we studied 55 (25 females, 30 males) retinopathic diabetic children and adolescents: their age ranged from 9.0 to 17.3 (mean +/- SD 13.9 + 3.8) years and the duration of disease from 4.8 to 10.0 (6.9 +/- 3.1) years. The mean glycosilated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 10.4 + 2.7%. Patient distribution in relation to retinal grading showed that the greatest number of patients (34: 61.82%) were in 14-20 retinopathy level (with minimal signs of retinopathy), 9 patients showed 31 retinopathy level (16.36%) and 12 (21.82%) were in the other classes. Comparison between retinal grading of retinopathy and presence/absence of microalbuminuria showed a significant difference between the evaluated subgroups (p < 0.0001). In fact, only 6 patients out of 34 (17.64%) in class 14-20 retinopathy level, 8 patients out of 16 (50%) in 31-41 retinopathy level and 5 patients out of 5 (100%) in 51 retinopathy level had microalbuminuria. Our study shows that the presence of persistent microalbuminuria is an important risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. In conclusion, we suggest that when diabetic children have persistent microalbuminuria, the eye should be carefully examined, in order to prevent a deterioration of the eye function.