Tegnander A, Terjesen T
Department of Orthopedics, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
Acta Orthop Scand. 1995 Jun;66(3):229-33. doi: 10.3109/17453679508995530.
In order to find the limits of normal variation of ultrasound measurements in children over 2 years of age, we examined 116 children and adolescents with normal hip joints. The children had been referred for various complaints from their lower extremities. Longitudinal ultrasound scanning from the lateral and anterior aspects was performed by the orthopedic surgeon as an integral part of the clinical examination. The most relevant parameters regarding hip dysplasia are those assessing the coverage of the femoral head: the lateral head distance (LHD, the distance from the lateral tangent of the bony epiphysis to the lateral bony acetabular rim) and the anterior head distance (AHD, measured as LHD, but from the anterior scan). The LHD increased with age; the upper normal limit (mean + 2 SD) increased from 4 mm at age 2-3 years to 7 mm at age 12-16 years. The AHD was larger in adolescents 12-16 years of age than in younger patients. The upper normal limit was 1 mm in the youngest and 2 mm in the oldest children. The mean (SD) differences (right minus left) in LHD and AHD were 0.3 (1.1) mm and 0.2 (1.0) mm, respectively. Radiographs were available in 15 of the patients and confirmed the ultrasound findings regarding femoral head coverage. Our findings should be of value in interpreting ultrasound measurements in older children.
为了找出2岁以上儿童超声测量的正常变异范围，我们对116名髋关节正常的儿童和青少年进行了检查。这些儿童因下肢的各种不适前来就诊。骨科医生从侧面和前面进行纵向超声扫描，作为临床检查的一个组成部分。与髋关节发育不良最相关的参数是那些评估股骨头覆盖情况的参数：外侧头距离（LHD，从骨骨骺的外侧切线到髋臼外侧骨边缘的距离）和前头距离（AHD，测量方式与LHD相同，但来自前面的扫描）。LHD随年龄增长而增加；正常上限（均值 + 2标准差）从2至3岁时的4毫米增加到12至16岁时的7毫米。12至16岁青少年的AHD比年幼患者更大。最小儿童的正常上限为1毫米，最大儿童为2毫米。LHD和AHD的平均（标准差）差值（右侧减去左侧）分别为0.3（1.1）毫米和0.2（1.0）毫米。15名患者有X线片，证实了超声检查关于股骨头覆盖情况的结果。我们的研究结果对于解释大龄儿童的超声测量结果应该具有参考价值。
