Sorlie P D, Backlund E, Keller J B
Epidemiology and Biometry Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1995 Jul;85(7):949-56. doi: 10.2105/ajph.85.7.949.
A large US sample was used to estimate the effects of race, employment status, income, education, occupation, marital status, and household size on mortality.
Approximately 530,000 persons 25 years of age or more were identified from selected Current Population Surveys between 1979 and 1985. These individuals were followed for mortality through use of the National Death Index for the years 1979 through 1989.
Higher mortality was found in Blacks than in Whites less than 65 years of age; in persons not in the labor force, with lower incomes, with less education, and in service and other lower level occupations; and in persons not married and living alone. With occasional exceptions, in specific sex and age groups, these relationships were reduced but remained strong and statistically significant when each variable was adjusted for all of the other characteristics. The relationships were generally weaker in individuals 65 years of age or more.
Employment status, income, education, occupation, race, and marital status have substantial net associations with mortality. This study identified segments of the population in need of public health attention and demonstrated the importance of including these variables in morbidity and mortality studies.
利用美国的一个大样本估计种族、就业状况、收入、教育程度、职业、婚姻状况和家庭规模对死亡率的影响。
从1979年至1985年选定的当前人口调查中识别出约53万名25岁及以上的人员。通过使用1979年至1989年的国家死亡指数对这些个体进行死亡率追踪。
发现65岁以下的黑人死亡率高于白人；不在劳动力队伍中的人、收入较低的人、受教育程度较低的人、从事服务业和其他低级别职业的人，以及未婚独居的人死亡率较高。除个别例外情况外，在特定的性别和年龄组中，当对每个变量进行所有其他特征调整后，这些关系虽有所减弱，但仍然很强且具有统计学意义。在65岁及以上的个体中，这些关系通常较弱。
就业状况、收入、教育程度、职业、种族和婚姻状况与死亡率有显著的净关联。本研究确定了需要公共卫生关注的人群部分，并证明了在发病率和死亡率研究中纳入这些变量的重要性。
