Howarth P H
Southampton General Hospital, UK.
Allergy. 1995;50(23 Suppl):6-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02734.x.
In both seasonal and perennial rhinitis there is epithelial mast cell accumulation and tissue infiltration by eosinophils. Activation of these cells can be observed by electron microscopy and by elevated levels of tryptase and eosinophil cationic protein in nasal lavage fluid. Furthermore, seasonal increases in the antigen presenting cell (Langerhans' cell) are also evident. Investigations into the mechanisms involved in cell accumulation and activation reveals upregulation of leucocyte endothelial adhesion molecules and an increase in interleukin-4 (IL-4) in naturally occurring rhinitis, while mRNA for IL-4, IL-5 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor activity and lavage tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) levels are increased following local allergen challenge. These cytokines may be derived from a variety of sources, including mast cells, eosinophils and T-lymphocytes, and contribute to the underlying inflammatory process in rhinitis.
在季节性和常年性鼻炎中，均存在上皮肥大细胞积聚以及嗜酸性粒细胞的组织浸润。通过电子显微镜以及鼻灌洗液中类胰蛋白酶和嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白水平的升高，可以观察到这些细胞的激活。此外，抗原呈递细胞（朗格汉斯细胞）的季节性增加也很明显。对细胞积聚和激活所涉及机制的研究表明，在自然发生的鼻炎中白细胞内皮粘附分子上调且白细胞介素-4（IL-4）增加，而在局部变应原激发后，IL-4、IL-5的信使核糖核酸以及粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子活性和灌洗液肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNFα）水平会升高。这些细胞因子可能来源于多种细胞，包括肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和T淋巴细胞，并促成鼻炎潜在的炎症过程。
