Duchan J F
State University of New York at Buffalo.
J Speech Hear Res. 1993 Dec;36(6):1108-19. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3606.1108.
There is considerable disagreement in the literature and among clinicians about the success of facilitated communication, a new method of augmentative communication being used with people diagnosed autistic. Some claim almost everyone exposed to it achieves success, basing their claims upon their observations and experiences of naturally occurring facilitated interactions. Others claim minimal or no success, basing their claims on their observations of facilitated interactions under controlled experimental conditions. I argue here that both claims can be valid and that FC users with autism are sometimes competent and other times incompetent, depending upon the conditions under which they are evaluated. I support my argument by offering a collaborative view of communication in place of the commonly held view that communication involves passing messages over an invisible conduit. Given the assumption that facilitated communication does allow for the expression of unexpected competence for many with autism, I describe various unusual phenomena being revealed by facilitation and FC users and offer some theoretical approaches for explaining these phenomena. I then propose some research ideas for studying the phenomena associated with FC and offer them as suggestions for how we might proceed in our efforts to develop our understanding of when and how it works for people with autism.
关于辅助沟通疗法（一种用于自闭症患者的新型增强沟通方法）的成效，文献和临床医生之间存在相当大的分歧。一些人声称，几乎每个接触过该疗法的人都取得了成功，他们的依据是对自然发生的辅助互动的观察和经验。另一些人则声称成效甚微或毫无成效，他们的依据是在受控实验条件下对辅助互动的观察。我在此认为，这两种说法都可能是正确的，自闭症患者在接受辅助沟通疗法时，有时表现出能力，有时则不然，这取决于评估他们的条件。我通过提出一种关于沟通的协作观点来支持我的论点，以取代普遍认为的沟通是通过无形管道传递信息的观点。鉴于辅助沟通疗法确实能让许多自闭症患者展现出意想不到的能力这一假设，我描述了辅助过程和使用辅助沟通疗法的患者所揭示的各种异常现象，并提供了一些理论方法来解释这些现象。然后，我提出了一些研究与辅助沟通疗法相关现象的想法，并将其作为建议，以说明我们在努力增进对辅助沟通疗法何时以及如何对自闭症患者起作用的理解时可以如何开展研究。
