Berenbaum M
Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 1995;29(2):119-34. doi: 10.1002/arch.940290204.
Phototoxic chemicals produced by plants have been studied in a number of contexts, most notably as protective agents against mammalian and insect herbivores. Although there are commonalities in the responses of these two groups of herbivores to plant phototoxins, there are differences as well. Whereas a greater range of chemical classes has been demonstrated to display phototoxicity against insects, considerably more information is available on symptomology of phototoxicity and mechanisms of action in mammals. The commonalities include alterations in behavior following ingestion, notably photophobia, disruption of integumentary integrity following contact or ingestion, and metabolic detoxification following ingestion, in the case of furanocoumarins involving cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Not yet known to exist in insects are phototoxin-mediated effects on sensory (particularly visual) systems and phototoxicity resulting from abnormal chlorophyll metabolism. In order to gain greater understanding of the ecological significance of phototoxin-mediated plant defense against both insects and mammals, there is a need for more studies centered on natural associations.
植物产生的光毒性化学物质已在多种背景下得到研究，最显著的是作为对抗哺乳动物和昆虫食草动物的保护剂。虽然这两类食草动物对植物光毒素的反应存在共性，但也有差异。虽然已证明有更多种类的化学物质对昆虫具有光毒性，但关于光毒性症状学和哺乳动物作用机制的信息要多得多。共性包括摄入后行为的改变，尤其是畏光，接触或摄入后体表完整性的破坏，以及摄入后的代谢解毒，就呋喃香豆素而言，涉及细胞色素P450单加氧酶。昆虫中尚未发现光毒素对感觉（特别是视觉）系统的影响以及异常叶绿素代谢导致的光毒性。为了更深入了解光毒素介导的植物对昆虫和哺乳动物防御的生态意义，需要开展更多以自然关联为中心的研究。
