Kripke D F, Simons R N, Garfinkel L, Hammond E C
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1979 Jan;36(1):103-16. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780010109014.
Prospective epidemiologic data of the American Cancer Society disclosed that reported usual sleep durations among groups who complained of insomnia and sleeping pill use "often" overlapped with those of groups who had no complaints. Reports of insomnia were not consistently associated with increased mortality when several factors were controlled; however, men who reported usually sleeping less than four hours were 2.80 times as likely to have died within six years as men who reported 7.0 to 7.9 hours of sleep. The ratio for women was 1.48. Men and women who reported sleeping ten hours or more had about 1.8 times the mortality of those who reported 7.0 to 7.9 hours of sleep. Those who reported using sleeping pills "often" had 1.5 times the mortality of those who "never" used sleeping pills. These results do not prove that mortality could be reduced by altering sleep durations or by reducing hypnotic prescribing. Rather, studies are needed to determine the causes of these mortality risk factors.
美国癌症协会的前瞻性流行病学数据显示，在抱怨失眠和“经常”使用安眠药的人群中，报告的通常睡眠时间与无此类抱怨的人群往往重叠。在控制了几个因素后，失眠报告与死亡率增加之间并无始终如一的关联；然而，报告通常睡眠时间少于4小时的男性在6年内死亡的可能性是报告睡眠时间为7.0至7.9小时男性的2.80倍。女性的这一比例为1.48。报告睡眠时间达10小时或更长时间的男性和女性，其死亡率约为报告睡眠时间为7.0至7.9小时者的1.8倍。报告“经常”使用安眠药的人群，其死亡率是“从不”使用安眠药人群的1.5倍。这些结果并未证明改变睡眠时间或减少催眠药物处方就能降低死亡率。相反，需要开展研究以确定这些死亡风险因素的成因。
