Ramos-Morales P, Rodríguez-Arnaiz R
Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Coyoacan, México D.F., Mexico.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 1995;25(4):288-99. doi: 10.1002/em.2850250405.
Two arsenic compounds, sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4), were tested for their possible genotoxicity in germinal and somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. For germinal cells, the sex-linked recessive lethal test (SLRLT) and the sex chromosome loss test (SCLT) were used. In both tests, a brood scheme of 2-3-3 days was employed. Two routes of administration were used for the SLRLT: adult male injection (0.38, 0.77 mM for sodium arsenite; and 0.54, 1.08 mM for sodium arsenate) and larval feeding (0.008, 0.01, 0.02 mM for sodium arsenite; and 0.01, 0.02 mM for sodium arsenate). For the SCLT the compounds were injected into males. Controls were treated with a solution of 5% sucrose which was employed as solvent. The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) was run in the w+/w eye assay as well as in the mwh +/+ flr3 wing test, employing the standard and insecticide-resistant strains. In both tests, third instar larvae were treated for 6 hr with sodium arsenite (0.38, 0.77, 1.15 mM), and sodium arsenate (0.54, 1.34, 2.69 mM). In the SLRLT, both compounds were positive, but they were negative in the SCLT. The genotoxicity of both compounds was localized mainly in somatic cells, in agreement with reports on the carcinogenic potential of arsenical compounds. Sodium arsenite was an order of magnitude more toxic and mutagenic than sodium arsenate. This study confirms the reliability of the Drosophila in vivo system to test the genotoxicity of environmental compounds.
对两种砷化合物亚砷酸钠（NaAsO₂）和砷酸钠（Na₂HAsO₄）在黑腹果蝇生殖细胞和体细胞中的潜在遗传毒性进行了测试。对于生殖细胞，采用了性连锁隐性致死试验（SLRLT）和性染色体丢失试验（SCLT）。在这两个试验中，均采用2-3-3天的育雏方案。SLRLT采用了两种给药途径：成年雄性注射（亚砷酸钠为0.38、0.77 mM；砷酸钠为0.54、1.08 mM）和幼虫喂食（亚砷酸钠为0.008、0.01、0.02 mM；砷酸钠为0.01、0.02 mM）。对于SCLT，将化合物注射到雄性体内。对照组用5%蔗糖溶液处理，该溶液用作溶剂。体细胞突变和重组试验（SMART）在w⁺/w眼试验以及mwh⁺/+ flr3翅试验中进行，采用标准菌株和抗杀虫剂菌株。在这两个试验中，用亚砷酸钠（0.38、0.77、1.15 mM）和砷酸钠（0.54、1.34、2.69 mM）处理三龄幼虫6小时。在SLRLT中，两种化合物均呈阳性，但在SCLT中呈阴性。两种化合物的遗传毒性主要定位于体细胞，这与关于砷化合物致癌潜力的报道一致。亚砷酸钠的毒性和诱变性比砷酸钠高一个数量级。本研究证实了果蝇体内系统在测试环境化合物遗传毒性方面的可靠性。
