Cook R F, Bernstein A D, Arrington T L, Andrews C M, Marshall G A
ISA Associates, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, USA.
Int J Addict. 1995 Mar;30(4):403-26. doi: 10.3109/10826089509048734.
A random sample of 1,200 employees of a steel manufacturing plant were randomly assigned to four different self-report methods of assessing illicit drug use: 1) Individual interview in the workplace, 2) group-administered questionnaire in the workplace, 3) telephone interview, and 4) individual interview off the worksite. Urine specimens were collected and analyzed on all 928 subjects participating in the study, and hair analysis was conducted on 307 of the subjects. Although self-reports produced the highest drug use prevalence rate, analyses combining the results of the three assessment methods showed that the actual prevalence rate was approximately 50% higher than the estimate produced by self-reports. The group-administered questionnaire condition produced prevalence rates that were roughly half those of the other self-report methods. The findings cast doubt on the validity of self-reports as a means of estimating drug use prevalence and suggest the need for multiple assessment methods.
从一家钢铁制造厂随机抽取了1200名员工，将他们随机分配到四种不同的自我报告式非法药物使用评估方法中：1）在工作场所进行个人访谈；2）在工作场所进行团体问卷调查；3）电话访谈；4）在工作场所以外进行个人访谈。对参与研究的所有928名受试者收集并分析了尿液样本，对其中307名受试者进行了毛发分析。虽然自我报告得出的药物使用流行率最高，但综合三种评估方法结果的分析表明，实际流行率比自我报告得出的估计值高出约50%。团体问卷调查得出的流行率大约是其他自我报告方法的一半。这些发现对自我报告作为估计药物使用流行率手段的有效性提出了质疑，并表明需要多种评估方法。
