Cook R F, Bernstein A D, Andrews C M
Institute for Social Analysis, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA.
NIDA Res Monogr. 1997;167:247-72.
A random sample of 1,200 employees of a steel plant in the western United States was randomly assigned to four different self-report methods of assessing illicit drug use: individual interview in the workplace, group-administered questionnaire in the workplace, telephone interview, and individual interview off the worksite. Urine specimens were collected and analyzed on all 928 subjects participating in the study, and hair analysis was conducted on 307 of the subjects. Although self-reports produced higher prevalence rates than the chemical tests, analyses combining the results of the three assessment methods showed that the actual prevalence rate was approximately 50 percent higher than the estimate produced by self-reports alone. The group-administered questionnaire method produced prevalence rates that were roughly half those of the other self-report methods. The findings cast doubt on the validity of self-reports as means of estimating drug use prevalence and suggest the need for multiple assessment methods.
美国西部一家钢铁厂的1200名员工被随机抽取作为样本，他们被随机分配到四种不同的自我报告评估非法药物使用的方法中：在工作场所进行的个人访谈、在工作场所进行的团体问卷调查、电话访谈以及在工作场所外进行的个人访谈。对参与研究的所有928名受试者都采集了尿液样本并进行了分析，对其中307名受试者进行了毛发分析。尽管自我报告得出的流行率高于化学检测，但综合三种评估方法结果的分析表明，实际流行率比仅通过自我报告得出的估计值高出约50%。团体问卷调查法得出的流行率大约是其他自我报告方法的一半。这些发现对自我报告作为估计药物使用流行率手段的有效性提出了质疑，并表明需要多种评估方法。
