MacDonald T K, Zanna M P, Fong G T
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Jun;68(6):973-85. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.68.6.973.
A laboratory experiment and 2 field studies tested the hypothesis that alcohol affects attitudes and intentions toward drinking and driving. Sober and intoxicated participants completed a questionnaire assessing their attitudes and intentions to drink and drive in a number of situations. Results indicated that when asked general or noncontingent questions, sober and intoxicated participants were equally negative about this behavior. However, when a contingency was embedded in the question (e.g., "would you drink and drive only a short distance?"), intoxicated participants were significantly less negative about drinking and driving. These results are consistent with alcohol myopia (C. M. Steele & R. A. Josephs, 1990)--the notion that alcohol intoxication decreases cognitive capacity so that people are more likely to attend to only the most salient cues.
一项实验室实验和两项实地研究对酒精会影响人们对酒后驾车的态度和意图这一假设进行了测试。清醒和醉酒的参与者完成了一份问卷，评估他们在多种情况下对酒后驾车的态度和意图。结果表明，当被问及一般性或非条件性问题时，清醒和醉酒的参与者对这种行为的态度同样消极。然而，当问题中包含某种条件时（例如，“你会只在短距离内酒后驾车吗？”），醉酒的参与者对酒后驾车的负面态度明显较弱。这些结果与酒精近视理论（C.M. 斯蒂尔和R.A. 约瑟夫斯，1990年）相一致——即酒精中毒会降低认知能力，使人们更有可能只关注最突出的线索。
