Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2020 Sep;81(5):647-654. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.647.
Alcohol-impaired driving is a significant public safety concern and is highly prevalent among young adults. Considerable research has examined between-person predictors of alcohol-impaired driving, but there has been little research on factors that predict alcohol-impaired driving at the event level. This pilot/feasibility study was designed to identify within-person, event-level predictors of alcohol-impaired driving intentions in the natural environment using an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design.
Thirty-six young adult, moderate drinkers (M age = 22.9 years; 72.2% female; M drinks per occasion = 3.2) were recruited from a university area to complete 2 weeks of EMA. They reported on their subjective levels of intoxication, perceived dangerousness of driving, and driving intentions during real-world drinking episodes. Breath alcohol concentrations were collected with a portable breath alcohol analyzer.
Event-level perceived danger and subjective intoxication most strongly predicted intentions to drive after drinking, such that higher perceived danger and intoxication predicted lower willingness to drive, after adjusting for baseline alcohol-impaired driving attitudes (ps < .001). When we accounted for perceived danger during drinking episodes at the event and person level, baseline attitudes were no longer predictive of willingness to drive. Higher event-level breath alcohol concentration also predicted lower willingness to drive (p = .003).
This study is the first to demonstrate that event-level risks of alcohol-impaired driving can be collected during drinking episodes in the natural environment. Findings indicate that subjective perceptions of intoxication and risk more strongly predict alcohol-impaired driving intentions than objective intoxication. Findings also suggest that event-level perceptions of intoxication and driving risk may be fruitful targets for interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving.
酒后驾驶是一个严重的公共安全问题，在年轻人中尤为普遍。大量研究已经检验了个体间预测酒后驾驶的因素，但对预测个体在特定事件中酒后驾驶倾向的因素研究较少。本研究旨在采用生态瞬时评估（EMA）设计，在自然环境中识别个体内在的、特定事件的酒后驾驶意图预测因素。
从大学区招募了 36 名年轻成年适度饮酒者（M 年龄=22.9 岁；72.2%为女性；M 每次饮酒量=3.2 单位），完成了 2 周的 EMA。他们在真实饮酒场景中报告自己的醉酒程度、驾驶危险感知和驾驶意图。使用便携式呼气酒精分析仪收集呼气酒精浓度。
特定事件的感知危险和主观醉酒程度最能预测酒后驾驶意图，即感知危险和醉酒程度越高，表明酒后驾驶意愿越低，在调整了酒后驾驶态度的基线值后（p<0.001）。当我们在特定事件和个体水平上考虑了饮酒期间的感知危险时，基线态度不再是驾驶意愿的预测因素。较高的特定事件呼气酒精浓度也预示着较低的驾驶意愿（p=0.003）。
本研究首次证明，在自然环境中，在饮酒事件期间可以收集到酒后驾驶的特定事件风险。研究结果表明，与客观醉酒程度相比，主观醉酒感知和风险感知更能预测酒后驾驶意图。研究结果还表明，特定事件的醉酒和驾驶风险感知可能是减少酒后驾驶的干预措施的有价值目标。
