Glantz S A, Barnes D E, Bero L, Hanauer P, Slade J
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0124, USA.
JAMA. 1995 Jul 19;274(3):219-24.
To introduce a series of papers discussing previously undocumented tobacco industry activities regarding strategies to avoid products liability litigation, understand nicotine addiction, and manipulate both internal and external scientific research on the effects of both active and passive smoking.
Documents from Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation (B&W), the British American Tobacco Company (BAT), and other tobacco interests provided by an anonymous source, obtained from Congress, and received from the private papers of a former BAT officer.
All available materials, including confidential reports regarding research and internal memoranda exchanged between tobacco industry lawyers.
These documents provide our first look at the inner workings of the tobacco industry during the crucial period in which the scientific case that smoking is addictive and kills smokers solidified. The documents show a sophisticated legal and public relations strategy to avoid liability for the diseases induced by tobacco use. The documents show that lawyers steered scientists away from particular research avenues, which is inconsistent with the company's purported disbelief in the causation and addiction claims; if the company had been genuinely unconvinced by the causation and addiction hypotheses, then it should have had no concern that new research would provide ammunition for the enemy. Quite the contrary, the documents show that B&W and BAT recognized more than 30 years ago that nicotine is addictive and that tobacco smoke is "biologically active" (eg, carcinogenic).
介绍一系列论文，这些论文探讨了烟草行业以前未被记录的活动，包括避免产品责任诉讼的策略、理解尼古丁成瘾以及操纵关于主动吸烟和被动吸烟影响的内部和外部科学研究。
由一位匿名人士提供的来自布朗·威廉姆森烟草公司（B&W）、英美烟草公司（BAT）以及其他烟草相关方的文件，这些文件从国会获取，并从一位前BAT官员的私人文件中获得。
所有可得材料，包括关于研究的机密报告以及烟草行业律师之间交换的内部备忘录。
这些文件让我们首次得以窥见烟草行业在一个关键时期的内部运作情况，在这个时期，吸烟成瘾并致人死亡这一科学论断得以确立。这些文件显示出一种复杂的法律和公关策略，以避免对烟草使用所引发疾病承担责任。文件表明，律师引导科学家避开特定的研究途径，这与该公司声称对因果关系及成瘾说法表示怀疑的态度不一致；如果该公司真的不相信因果关系和成瘾假说，那么它就不应担心新的研究会为对手提供弹药。恰恰相反，文件显示，B&W和BAT在30多年前就认识到尼古丁具有成瘾性，并且烟草烟雾具有“生物活性”（例如致癌）。
