Cook P C, Leit M E
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Orthop Clin North Am. 1995 Jul;26(3):453-64.
Owing to an increase in children participating in competitive organized sports, there is a real concern for the health and well-being of the individual pediatric athlete. A knowledge of several aspects of the care of these children will not only make sports participation more enjoyable but also help to minimize injury. It should be remembered that children are not small adults. They not only have a different physiologic response to exercise but also have many cartilaginous growth areas that are susceptible to injury. Appropriate training in the pediatric athlete will help prevent injury. Conservative training programs, completed in a well-ventilated and air-conditioned area are important. In the prepubescent, efforts should be made to make training fun, with emphasis placed on skills important to the sport rather than monotonous repetitions and intensive conditioning. Because early detection and treatment of overuse injury and spondylolisthesis will help decrease morbidity and may prevent permanent injury, it is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for the development of early symptoms and signs. Knee injuries are very common and require appropriate evaluation that often includes stress radiographs and arthroscopy. Although isolated ligamentous injury usually has a good prognosis, injury to the ACL seems to cause significant morbidity in the long run. Reconstruction in the adolescent with significant symptoms and instability is reasonable. More research into ACL insufficiency in the child athlete, however, is required before the natural history and best method of management is established. Sport participation is to be enjoyed. Certainly, sports are much more fun when one is healthy. A knowledge of issues in the pediatric athlete will help maintain the health and happiness of these children.
由于参与有组织竞技运动的儿童数量增加，个体儿科运动员的健康和福祉受到了切实关注。了解这些儿童护理的多个方面，不仅会使运动参与更愉快，还能有助于将伤害降至最低。应该记住，儿童不是小大人。他们不仅对运动有不同的生理反应，而且有许多易受伤害的软骨生长区域。对儿科运动员进行适当训练有助于预防伤害。在通风良好且有空调的区域完成的保守训练计划很重要。在青春期前，应努力使训练变得有趣，重点放在对该项运动重要的技能上，而不是单调的重复和高强度的体能训练。因为对过度使用损伤和脊椎滑脱的早期发现和治疗将有助于降低发病率，并可能预防永久性损伤，所以对早期症状和体征的出现保持高度怀疑很重要。膝部损伤非常常见，需要进行适当评估，通常包括应力位X线片和关节镜检查。虽然单纯的韧带损伤通常预后良好，但从长远来看，前交叉韧带损伤似乎会导致明显的发病率。对有明显症状和不稳定的青少年进行重建是合理的。然而，在确定儿童运动员前交叉韧带功能不全的自然病程和最佳治疗方法之前，还需要对其进行更多研究。运动参与应该是令人愉快的。当然，当一个人健康时，运动会更有趣。了解儿科运动员的相关问题将有助于维护这些儿童的健康和幸福。
