Baird J K, Fryauff D J, Basri H, Bangs M J, Subianto B, Wiady I, Leksana B, Masbar S, Richie T L
U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit #2, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Jun;52(6):479-84. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.479.
A comparison of primaquine versus chloroquine for prophylaxis among nonimmune transmigrants from Java and Bali in the hyperendemic Arso region of Irian Jaya, Indonesia was conducted. Forty-five subjects received 0.5 mg of primaquine base/kg of body weight every other day, and 54 people in the same village received weekly 5 mg of chloroquine base/kg for 16-19 weeks beginning in December 1992. Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 18 of 30 infections with chloroquine, and four of five infections among subjects receiving primaquine. Plasmodium vivax was found in 12 people taking chloroquine but in just one person taking primaquine. The risk of malaria among people taking chloroquine relative to that among subjects taking primaquine was 3.96 (P = 0.014) for P. falciparum and 10.56 (P = 0.012) for P. vivax. Primaquine was better tolerated than chloroquine. The minimal protective efficacy for primaquine prophylaxis was 74% against P. falciparum and 90% against P. vivax among nonimmune children and adults living in Irian Jaya. These findings require confirmation with randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trials.
在印度尼西亚伊里安查亚省高度流行的阿尔索地区，对来自爪哇岛和巴厘岛的非免疫移民进行了伯氨喹与氯喹预防疟疾效果的比较研究。45名受试者每隔一天接受0.5毫克伯氨喹碱基/千克体重的药物，同一村庄的54人从1992年12月开始，每周接受5毫克氯喹碱基/千克体重的药物，疗程为16 - 19周。在接受氯喹治疗的30例感染病例中，恶性疟原虫感染占18例；在接受伯氨喹治疗的病例中，5例感染中有4例为恶性疟原虫感染。服用氯喹的人群中有12人感染间日疟原虫，而服用伯氨喹的人群中仅有1人感染。服用氯喹人群感染恶性疟原虫的风险相对于服用伯氨喹人群而言，前者是后者的3.96倍（P = 0.014）；感染间日疟原虫的风险前者是后者的10.56倍（P = 0.012）。伯氨喹的耐受性优于氯喹。在伊里安查亚省，对于非免疫儿童和成人，伯氨喹预防疟疾的最低保护效力针对恶性疟原虫为74%，针对间日疟原虫为90%。这些研究结果需要通过随机、双盲和安慰剂对照试验加以证实。
