Edinger J D, Fins A I
Psychology Service (116B), VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
Sleep. 1995 May;18(4):232-9. doi: 10.1093/sleep/18.4.232.
It is well recognized that sleep time misperceptions are common among insomniacs, but little is known about the distribution and clinical significance of these subjective distortions. The current investigation was conducted to examine the distribution of sleep time misperceptions among a large (n = 173), diverse group of insomniacs and to determine if such misperceptions might relate to the patients' clinical characteristics. Consistent with previous studies, our subjects, as a group, produced sleep estimates that were significantly (p < 0.0001) lower than polysomnographically determined sleep times. However, patients' sleep time perceptions were widely distributed across a broad continuum, which ranged between gross underestimates and remarkable overestimates of actual sleep times. Results also showed that subgroups, formed on the basis of presenting complaints and diagnostic criteria (i.e. International Classification of Sleep Disorders nosology), differed in regard to the magnitude and direction of their sleep distortions. Moreover, these differences appeared consistent with the types of objective sleep disturbances these subgroups commonly experience. Hence, the tendency to underestimate actual sleep time is not a generic attribute of all insomniacs. Furthermore, it appears that the accuracy and nature of sleep time perceptions may relate to the type of sleep pathology underlying insomniacs' presenting complaints.
人们普遍认识到，睡眠时间感知错误在失眠症患者中很常见，但对于这些主观偏差的分布情况和临床意义却知之甚少。当前的调查旨在研究在一个规模较大（n = 173）、构成多样的失眠症患者群体中睡眠时间感知错误的分布情况，并确定这些感知错误是否可能与患者的临床特征有关。与先前的研究一致，我们的研究对象作为一个整体，所给出的睡眠估计值显著低于多导睡眠图测定的睡眠时间（p < 0.0001）。然而，患者对睡眠时间的感知在一个广泛的连续区间内分布广泛，范围从对实际睡眠时间的严重低估到显著高估。结果还表明，根据主诉和诊断标准（即《国际睡眠障碍分类》疾病分类法）形成的亚组，在睡眠偏差的程度和方向上存在差异。此外，这些差异似乎与这些亚组通常经历的客观睡眠障碍类型一致。因此，低估实际睡眠时间的倾向并非所有失眠症患者的普遍特征。此外，睡眠时间感知的准确性和性质似乎可能与失眠症患者主诉背后的睡眠病理类型有关。
