Pakenham K I, Dadds M R, Terry D J
University of Queensland, Australia.
AIDS Care. 1995;7(2):189-203. doi: 10.1080/09540129550126704.
Empirical evidence from well designed studies into the effects on carers of caring for a person with HIV is lacking. This study investigated the correlates of carers' burden and adjustment to their caring for a person with HIV. Thirty-four carers and their HIV-infected patients were interviewed and completed self-administered scales. Measures included two psychosocial adjustment indices, a Problem Checklist (burden) and two patient health status indices. The most common elements of carer's burden were distressing emotions, relationship difficulties, somatic symptoms, and grief. Demographic variables, patient's HIV stage, nature of caregiving relationship and duration of caregiving were unrelated to carers' burden or adjustment. However, living arrangement was found to be significantly associated with carers' burden, with those carers co-residing experiencing more burden than those living apart from the patient. Carers' coping strategies were only weakly related to carer's adjustment and burden. The patients' emotional and existential concerns were strongly positively related to carers' burden and all domains of adjustment, while patients' instrumental concerns and measures of patients' health status were positively related to carers' burden. As predicted, patients had significantly poorer levels of adjustment than carers. The findings supported the use of a reciprocal determinism approach for understanding the relationship between the patient and carer and adjustment outcomes.
缺乏针对照顾艾滋病毒感染者对照顾者影响的精心设计研究的实证证据。本研究调查了照顾者负担的相关因素以及他们对照顾艾滋病毒感染者的适应情况。对34名照顾者及其感染艾滋病毒的患者进行了访谈，并完成了自我管理量表。测量指标包括两个心理社会适应指数、一个问题清单（负担）和两个患者健康状况指数。照顾者负担最常见的因素是痛苦情绪、关系困难、躯体症状和悲伤。人口统计学变量、患者的艾滋病毒阶段、照顾关系的性质和照顾持续时间与照顾者的负担或适应情况无关。然而，居住安排被发现与照顾者的负担显著相关，与患者同住的照顾者比与患者分开居住的照顾者负担更重。照顾者的应对策略与照顾者的适应和负担仅有微弱的关联。患者的情感和生存担忧与照顾者的负担以及所有适应领域呈强烈正相关，而患者的工具性担忧和患者健康状况指标与照顾者的负担呈正相关。正如所预测的，患者的适应水平明显低于照顾者。研究结果支持使用相互决定论方法来理解患者与照顾者之间的关系以及适应结果。
