Terry D J, O'Leary J E
Psychology Department, University of Queensland, Australia.
Br J Soc Psychol. 1995 Jun;34 ( Pt 2):199-220. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01058.x.
The present study was undertaken to assess the utility of the theory of planned behaviour, using separate measures of the two variables that are considered to comprise the notion of perceived behavioural control, namely, beliefs concerning the controllability of the behaviour and efficacy expectancies. The study was concerned with the prediction of intentions to engage in regular exercise (for at least 20 minutes, three times a week for a fortnight) and actual exercise behaviour. A sample of 146 undergraduate subjects participated in the study. It was prospective in design; measures of attitudes, norms, intentions, perceived control and self-efficacy were obtained at the first wave of data collection, while actual behaviour was assessed two weeks later. The results of the study revealed support for the view that separate measures of self-efficacy and perceived behavioural control should be employed in the theory of planned behaviour. In the first instance, confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the two variables could be empirically distinguished. Second, the effects of perceived behavioural control and self-efficacy on behavioural intentions and actual behaviour differed. As predicted, efficacy expectancies influenced behavioural intentions, but not actual behaviour. In contrast, levels of perceived behavioural control had no effect on behavioural intentions, but emerged as a significant (positive) predictor of actual behaviour (there was also evidence that the effects of intentions on behaviour were moderated by the level of perceived behavioural control).
本研究旨在评估计划行为理论的效用，采用了分别测量被认为构成感知行为控制概念的两个变量的方法，即关于行为可控性的信念和效能期望。该研究关注的是参与定期锻炼（至少20分钟，每周三次，持续两周）的意图预测以及实际锻炼行为。146名本科学生参与了该研究。研究设计为前瞻性；在第一轮数据收集时获取了态度、规范、意图、感知控制和自我效能的测量值，而实际行为则在两周后进行评估。研究结果支持了在计划行为理论中应采用自我效能和感知行为控制的分别测量方法这一观点。首先，验证性因素分析表明这两个变量在实证上是可区分的。其次，感知行为控制和自我效能对行为意图和实际行为的影响有所不同。正如预测的那样，效能期望影响行为意图，但不影响实际行为。相比之下，感知行为控制水平对行为意图没有影响，但成为实际行为的一个显著（正向）预测指标（也有证据表明意图对行为的影响受到感知行为控制水平的调节）。
