Merritt K, Brown S A
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
J Biomed Mater Res. 1995 May;29(5):627-33. doi: 10.1002/jbm.820290510.
Experiments were undertaken to determine whether hexavalent chromium was released during corrosion of orthopedic implants. Uptake of chromium (Cr) by cells and separation using amberlite resin were the methods used to determine that hexavalent Cr was present. We used salts of chromium as trivalent chromium (chromic chloride) and hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) to verify that the amberlite separation technique separates hexavalent Cr into the upper phase and trivalent Cr into the lower phase. The use of the salts also verified that only the hexavalent Cr became red blood cell-associated and that most of this was intracellular rather than membrane bound. The use of the amberlite separation technique demonstrated that the hexavalent Cr in the red blood cells was rapidly reduced to trivalent Cr. Cellular uptake of chromium was documented in red blood cells following corrosion of stainless-steel and cobalt-chromium implants in vivo, in the red blood cells of patients undergoing total joint revisions, and in fibroblasts subjected to products of fretting corrosion of stainless-steel and cobalt-chromium implants. Thus, corrosion of implants can lead to the release of the biologically active hexavalent chromium into the body. This chromium is rapidly reduced to trivalent chromium in cells.
开展了实验以确定在骨科植入物腐蚀过程中是否会释放六价铬。细胞对铬（Cr）的摄取以及使用amberlite树脂进行分离是用于确定存在六价铬的方法。我们使用三价铬盐（氯化铬）和六价铬盐（重铬酸钾）来验证amberlite分离技术可将六价铬分离到上层相中，而三价铬分离到下层相中。使用这些盐还证实只有六价铬与红细胞相关联，并且其中大部分是细胞内的而非膜结合的。使用amberlite分离技术表明红细胞中的六价铬会迅速还原为三价铬。在体内不锈钢和钴铬合金植入物腐蚀后红细胞中、全关节翻修患者的红细胞中以及经受不锈钢和钴铬合金植入物微动腐蚀产物作用的成纤维细胞中，均记录到了细胞对铬的摄取。因此，植入物的腐蚀可导致具有生物活性的六价铬释放到体内。这种铬在细胞中会迅速还原为三价铬。
