Subiza J, Jerez M, Jiménez J A, Narganes M J, Cabrera M, Varela S, Subiza E
General Pardiñas Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Madrid, Spain.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995 Jul;96(1):15-23. doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70028-5.
A 15-year pollen count was performed in the atmosphere of Madrid, Spain, to determine the months in which the highest concentrations of allergenic pollens occur.
Pollen counts were done with a Burkard spore trap (Burkard Manufacturing, Rickmansworth, Herst., U.K.). The results were subsequently compared with results of skin tests in patients with pollinosis born and living in and around Madrid.
The highest airborne presence (percent of total yearly pollen counts, mean of counts from 1979 to 1993) was for Quercus spp. (17%); followed by Platanus spp. (15%), Poaceae (15%), Cupressaceae (11%), Olea spp. (9%), Pinus spp. (7%), Populus spp. (4%), and Plantago spp. (4%). The most predominant pollens from January to April are tree pollens (Cupressaceae, Alnus, Fraxinus, Ulmus, Populus, Platanus, and Morus), although these are also abudant in May and June (Quercus, Olea, and Pinus spp.). The grass pollination period shows a double curve: the first peak occurs from February to April (8% of yearly grasses), and the second peak occurs from May to July (90% of yearly grasses). Among allergenically significant weeds, the most notable is Plantago; in contrast, Rumex, Urticaceae, Cheno-Amaranthaceae, and Artemisia spp. have very low concentrations (< or = 2% yearly total pollens). The most significant allergenic pollen is that of grasses, with a prevalence of positive prick test results of 94%, followed by Olea europaea (61%), Plantago lagopus (53%), Platanus hybrida (52%), and Cupressus arizonica (20%).
The population of Madrid is exposed to high concentrations of allergenic pollen from February to July, although the most intense period is from May to June. Grass pollens are the most important cause of pollinosis in this area.
在西班牙马德里的大气中进行了为期15年的花粉计数，以确定致敏花粉浓度最高的月份。
使用Burkard孢子捕捉器（英国赫特里克曼斯沃思的Burkard制造公司）进行花粉计数。随后将结果与出生并生活在马德里及其周边地区的花粉症患者的皮肤试验结果进行比较。
空气中出现率最高（占年度花粉计数总量的百分比，1979年至1993年计数的平均值）的是栎属植物（17%）；其次是悬铃木属（15%）、禾本科（15%）、柏科（11%）、油橄榄属（9%）、松属（7%）、杨属（4%）和车前属（4%）。1月至4月最主要的花粉是树花粉（柏科、桤木属、白蜡树属、榆属、杨属、悬铃木属和桑属），不过这些花粉在5月和6月也很丰富（栎属、油橄榄属和松属）。草类授粉期呈现出双峰曲线：第一个峰值出现在2月至4月（占年度草类花粉的8%），第二个峰值出现在5月至7月（占年度草类花粉的90%）。在具有致敏意义的杂草中，最显著的是车前属；相比之下，酸模属、荨麻科、藜科 - 苋科和蒿属的浓度非常低（≤年度花粉总量的2%）。最主要的致敏花粉是草类花粉，点刺试验阳性结果的患病率为94%，其次是油橄榄（61%）、海滨车前（53%）、二球悬铃木（52%）和亚利桑那柏木（20%）。
马德里的居民在2月至7月期间暴露于高浓度的致敏花粉中，尽管最强烈的时期是5月至6月。草类花粉是该地区花粉症的最重要病因。
