Thomasson H R
Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Laboratory for Clinical Research, Wishard Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
Recent Dev Alcohol. 1995;12:163-79. doi: 10.1007/0-306-47138-8_9.
A gender difference in alcohol pharmacokinetics has been suggested to explain why women are more vulnerable to ethanol's toxic effects. The results of animal experiments suggest that females exhibit higher alcohol metabolic rates than males as a result of hormonal differences. Experimental results examining gender differences in human alcohol metabolism have been inconsistent; the diversity of experimental protocols and variety of pharmacokinetic parameters reported have made comparisons of these studies very difficult. Variability in alcohol metabolic rate between individuals of the same sex is often significant, preventing an assessment of gender differences in some studies. This chapter attempts to summarize the findings of studies from the last decade that examined the role of gender and sex hormone differences on ethanol metabolism in men and women. The role of body composition, genetic factors, gastric and hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase, and gastric absorption in creating gender differences in alcohol metabolism is discussed. Suggestions are offered that may result in better cross-study comparisons and more consistent experimental results.
酒精药代动力学中的性别差异被认为可以解释为何女性更容易受到乙醇毒性作用的影响。动物实验结果表明，由于激素差异，雌性动物的酒精代谢率高于雄性。研究人类酒精代谢性别差异的实验结果并不一致；所报告的实验方案的多样性和药代动力学参数的种类使得这些研究之间的比较非常困难。同性个体之间酒精代谢率的变异性往往很大，这使得一些研究无法评估性别差异。本章试图总结过去十年中研究性别和性激素差异对男性和女性乙醇代谢作用的研究结果。讨论了身体组成、遗传因素、胃和肝脏中的乙醇脱氢酶以及胃吸收在造成酒精代谢性别差异方面的作用。文中还提出了一些建议，这些建议可能会带来更好的跨研究比较和更一致的实验结果。
