Branco J C
Unidade de Reumatologia, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa.
Acta Med Port. 1995 Apr;8(4):233-8.
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) affects predominantly females and is characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, insomnia, nonrefreshing sleep, diffuse stiffness and other organic and psychic signs and symptoms. Diagnosis is essentially based on the 1990 American College of Rheumatology Classificative Criteria, but if, in some cases, they are not completely fulfilled, diagnosis is not excluded in a particular patient. The causes of the enhanced pain perception and of all the other clinical characteristics are unknown. Both the central hypothesis (sleep disturbance; psychological affection; hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis disorder; neuromediators disregulation; etc.) and the peripheral theory (anatomical and/or functional muscle disturbance) try to explain FMS etiopathogenesis. Tricycles antidepressants (i.e. amitriptilin) and some muscle relaxants (i.e. ciclobenzaprine) have demonstrated some beneficial effect contrary to the classic antirheumatic drugs (NSAID; corticosteroids; etc.). Physical exercise, multidisciplinary support (behavioural therapy, physical agents; etc.) and patient education are some of the other approaches which contribute to the correct management of FMS.
纤维肌痛综合征（FMS）主要影响女性，其特征为广泛的肌肉骨骼疼痛、疲劳、失眠、睡眠无恢复感、弥漫性僵硬以及其他器质性和精神性体征及症状。诊断主要基于1990年美国风湿病学会分类标准，但在某些情况下，如果不完全符合这些标准，也不能排除对特定患者的诊断。疼痛感知增强及所有其他临床特征的病因尚不清楚。中枢假说（睡眠障碍、心理影响、下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴紊乱、神经介质失调等）和外周理论（解剖学和/或功能性肌肉紊乱）都试图解释FMS的病因发病机制。三环类抗抑郁药（如阿米替林）和一些肌肉松弛剂（如环苯扎林）已显示出一些有益效果，这与经典抗风湿药物（非甾体抗炎药、皮质类固醇等）不同。体育锻炼、多学科支持（行为疗法、物理治疗等）和患者教育是有助于正确管理FMS的其他一些方法。
